长期秸秆还田对青藏高原东部农田栗钙土团聚体稳定性及磷素分布的影响  

Effects of long-term straw fertilization on the stability of calcium chestnut soil aggregates and phosphorus distribution in agricultural fields on the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：周梅 赵远征 胥婷婷 张洋 王鑫淼 张荣 ZHOU Mei;ZHAO Yuan-zheng;XU Ting-ting;ZHANG Yang;WANG Xin-miao;ZHANG Rong(Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Academy of Agricultural and Forestry,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第8期21-29,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900403)。

摘　　要：为了研究长期秸秆还田对青藏高原东部小麦地不同土层团聚体分布、稳定性及磷素分布的影响,以长期秸秆还田定位试验为研究对象,设置氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷肥加半量秸秆还田(NPS1)、氮磷肥加全量秸秆还田(NPS2)、氮磷钾肥加半量秸秆还田(NPKS1)、施氮磷钾肥加全量秸秆还田(NPKS2)6个处理。于小麦收获后,取0~10、10~20、20~30 cm土层土壤,采用干湿筛结合的方法测定各土层水稳性团聚体组成,量化全土中的全磷、有效磷含量及各团聚体组分中的有效磷贡献率。结果表明,与单施化肥处理(NP和NPK)相比,秸秆还田处理(NPS1、NPS2、NPKS1、NPKS2)显著提高了0~10和10~20 cm土层全土的有效磷含量(P<0.05),分别提高了9.1%~27.4%和5.1%~38.4%,且全量秸秆还田的有效磷含量最高。所以秸秆还田处理均表现为>2 mm大团聚体质量百分比随着土壤深度的增加而显著降低,<0.25 mm团聚体质量百分比随着土壤深度的增加显著提高。秸秆还田处理还提高了团聚体平均重量直径和几何平均直径,降低了不稳定团粒指数,增强了团聚体稳定性,尤其是全量秸秆还田的团聚体。秸秆还田处理还显著提高了各土层、各粒径团聚体有效磷含量(P<0.05),3个土层的增幅分别为0.2%~47.2%、1.5%~63.2%和4.0%~91.1%,且>0.25 mm团聚体是有效磷贡献率的主要载体。全量秸秆还田更有利于促进大团聚体的形成,提高团聚体稳定性,调节团聚体中磷素分布,提高磷素活性。In order to study the effects of long-term straw return on the distribution and stability of aggregates and phosphorus distribution in different soil layers of wheat field in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau,six treatments were set up in a positioning experiment for long-term straw return,including nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer(NP),nitrogen-phosphoruspotassium(NPK)fertilizer,nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer plus half amount of straw returned to the field(NPS1),nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer plus full amount of straw returned to the field(NPS2),nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer plus half amount of straw returned to the field(NPKS1),nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer plus full amount of straw returned to the field(NPKS2).After wheat harvest,soil samples were taken from 0–10,10–20 and 20–30 cm soil layers,and a combination of wet and dry sieving was used to determine the composition of water-stable aggregates in each soil layer,and to quantify the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus,and the contribution rate of available phosphorus in each aggregate component.The results showed that compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer treatments(NP and NPK),the straw-returned treatments(NPS1,NPS2,NPKS1,NPKS2)significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in the soil layers of 0–10 and 10–20 cm(P<0.05),which was increased by 9.1%–27.4%and 5.1%–38.4%,respectively,and the content of available phosphorus of the treatment of the full amount of straw returned to field was the highest.Therefore,all straw treatments showed that the mass percentage of>2 mm aggregate decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth,and the mass percentage of<0.25 mm aggregate increased significantly with the increase of soil depth.The straw returned treatments also increased the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of the aggregate,decreased the index of unstable aggregate,and enhanced the stability of the aggregate,especially the aggregate of the full amoun

关 键 词：长期秸秆还田 水稳性团聚体 团聚体稳定性 磷素分布 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学] S153[农业科学—农业基础科学]