京郊设施土壤盐分累积及组成变化特征  

Characteristics of salt accumulation and composition change in facilities in Beijing suburbs

作　　者：吴荣[1] 刘善江[1] 孙昊[1] 薛文涛 杜颖 陈倩[1] 白杨[1] WU Rong;LIU Shan-jiang;SUN Hao;XUE Wen-tao;DU Ying;CHEN Qian;BAI Yang(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第8期62-68,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：北京市农林科学院创新能力项目(KJCX20220420,KJCX20230304,KJCX20230309);北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所科技创新能力专项(YZS201909)。

摘　　要：针对北京市郊区设施土壤存在次生盐渍化的问题,以房山、延庆、密云、大兴、昌平地区规模化设施园区为研究对象,采用田间随机取样的方法,对5个地区主要栽培类型的设施园区土壤盐分累积和组成变化进行研究,以期为设施栽培的科学管理和高效施肥提供参考。结果表明,79%的点位土壤全盐量≥2.0 g/kg,69.3%的点位电导率≥50 mS/m,次生盐渍化趋势明显;监测园区的盐分离子均有一定程度的富集,不同地区盐分离子累积存在一定差异;除HCO_(3)^(-)外,K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)^(-)的累积在一定程度上均造成了土壤的次生盐渍化,其中阳离子以Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)为主,阴离子以SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)^(-)为主;京郊设施土壤盐分组成主要以硝酸盐和硫酸盐的形式存在。针对北京郊区存在盐分累积现象,建议开展有机肥料的筛选和品质质量检测,同时加强水肥管理,避免加重土壤次生盐渍化程度。设施生产中不仅要注重经济效益,更应该关注土壤的健康状况,以实现设施生产可持续的发展目标。In view of the phenomenon of secondary salinization in the soil of facilities in suburban areas of Beijing,the soil salt accumulation and composition changes in the large-scale facilities parks in Fangshan,Yanqing,Miyun,Daxing and Changping were studied by random sampling method in the field,in order to provide reference for the scientific management of facilities cultivation and efficient fertilization.The results showed that the total salt content of 79%soil samples was≥2.0 g/kg,the conductivity of 69.3%soil samples was≥50 mS/m,and the secondary salinization trend was obvious.The concentration of salt ions in the monitoring parks was enriched to a certain extent,and the accumulation of salt ions in different regions was different.In addition to HCO_(3)^(-),the accumulation of K^(+),Na^(+),Ca2+,Mg^(2+),Cl^(-),SO_(4)^(2-)and NO_(3)^(-)all resulted in soil secondary salinization to a certain extent,in which the cations were mainly Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+),and the anions were mainly SO_(4)^(2-)and NOO_(3)^(-).The soil salinity in Beijing suburban facilities mainly existed in the form of nitrate and sulfate.The phenomenon of salt accumulation existed in the suburbs of Beijing.It was suggested to carry out the screening and quality inspection of organic fertilizers and strengthen the management of water and fertilizer to avoid aggravating the degree of soil secondary salinization.In facility production,we should not only pay attention to economic benefits,but also pay attention to the health of soil in order to achieve the sustainable development goal of facility production.

关 键 词：设施土壤 次生盐渍化 盐分离子 离子组成 

分 类 号：S156.41[农业科学—土壤学]