椰糠复合基质对黄瓜生长、品质和产量的影响  

Effects of Coir Composite Substrate on Growth,Quality and Yield of Cucumber

作　　者：张鹏程 崔世茂[2] 杨志刚 常海文 康立茹 郭彦青 桂美清 全兴霞 刘金泉[2] ZHANG Pengcheng;CUI Shimao;YANG Zhigang;CHANG Haiwen;KANG Liru;GUO Yanqing;GUI Meiqing;QUAN Xingxia;LIU Jinquan(Institute of Vegetable and Flower,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,China;Uxin Banner Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Ordos 017399,China;Zhunger Banner Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Ordos 010499,China;Bayannur Linhe District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Bayannur 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]乌审旗农牧业局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017399 [4]准格尔旗农牧业局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯010499 [5]巴彦淖尔市临河区农业技术推广中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《蔬菜》2024年第10期42-49,共8页Vegetables

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2020MS03043);内蒙古“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS0028)。

摘　　要：为了筛选出适宜黄瓜生长的椰糠复合基质配比,为生产中配制椰糠复合基质提供参考,本试验以椰糠为主要试验材料,以草炭、珍珠岩为辅助材料,设计T_(1)(椰糠∶珍珠岩=1∶1)、T_(2)(椰糠∶草炭=1∶1)、T_(3)(椰糠∶草炭∶珍珠岩=1∶3∶1)、CK(单一椰糠)4种不同体积配比的椰糠复合基质,研究不同复合基质对黄瓜生长、品质和产量的影响。结果表明:椰糠复合基质相比椰糠单一基质能更好地促进黄瓜生长,在叶片数、茎粗、株高、根体积、根干质量、叶绿素含量等生长指标方面,椰糠复合基质均优于单一椰糠基质,且均以椰糠∶珍珠岩=1∶1(体积比)处理效果最好;在可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量等品质指标方面,椰糠复合基质优于单一椰糠基质,其中椰糠∶珍珠岩=1∶1(体积比)表现最好,比单一椰糠基质的可溶性糖含量显著增加43.78%、可溶性蛋白含量显著增加14.81%、维生素C含量显著增加4.39%;在产量方面,与单一椰糠基质相比,椰糠+珍珠岩、椰糠+草炭、椰糠+珍珠岩+草炭复配基质均能显著提高黄瓜单果质量、单株结果数、667 m^(2)产量,其中椰糠∶珍珠岩=1∶1(体积比)复合基质增产效果最好,且667 m^(2)产量比对照显著增加29.61%;综上,椰糠与珍珠岩按照体积比1∶1配制的复合基质在促进黄瓜生长、改善黄瓜品质、提高黄瓜产量方面均表现最佳,可作为优质基质应用于黄瓜栽培。In order to screen out the ratio of coir composite substrate suitable for cucumber growth and provide a reference for the preparation of coir composite substrate in production,four coir composite substrates with different volume ratios,including T_(1)(coir∶perlite=1∶1),T_(2)(coir∶peat=1∶1),T_(3)(coir∶peat∶perlite=1∶3∶1)and CK(single coir),were designed with coir as the main test material,peat and perlite as the accessory test materials,and the effects of different composite substrates on the growth,quality and yield of cucumber were studied.The results showed that the coir composite substrates could better promote cucumber growth compared with single coir substrate.In terms of growth indicators such as leaf number,stem thickness,plant height,root volume,root dry mass,chlorophyll content,coir composite substrates were superior to single coir substrate,and effect of the treatment of coir∶perlite=1∶1(volume ratio)was the best.In terms of the quality indexes of soluble sugar content,soluble protein content and vitamin C content,the effects of coir composites substrate were better than single coir substrate.Among them,coir∶perlite=1∶1(volume ratio)showed the best performance with significant increase of 43.78%in soluble sugar content,14.81%in soluble protein content and 4.39%in vitamin C content compared with those of single coir substrate.In terms of yield,compared with single coir substrate,composite substrates of coir+perlite,coir+peat and coir+perlite+peat could significantly improve the single fruit weight of cucumber,the number of fruits per plant and the yield per 667 m^(2).Among them,the composite substrate of coir∶perlite=1∶1(volume ratio)had the best effect of increasing yield,and the yield was significantly increased by 29.61%per 667 m^(2)compared with the CK.In summary,the composite substrate composed of coir and perlite in a volume ratio of 1∶1 showed the best performance in promoting growth,improving quality and increasing yield of cucumber,and could be used as a high-qualit

关 键 词：黄瓜 椰糠 复合基质 品质 生长势 产量 可溶性糖 可溶性蛋白 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]