纤维包覆纱改性PVA基气凝胶的制备及吸波性能研究  

Study on Preparation and Absorption Properties of Fiber-Coated Yarn Modified PVA-Based Aerogel

作　　者：秦爱文 王佳乐 訾皓然 闫宇航 郭洋 朱洪立 李俊 QIN Ai-wen;WANG Jia-e;ZHI Hao-ran;YAN Yu-hang;GUO Yang;ZHU Hong-li;LI Jun(College of Materials Engineering,He'nan University of Engineering,Zhengzhou 450007,China;He'nan Engineering Technology Research Center for Fiber Preparation and Modification,Zhengzhou 450007,China;Chinese People's Liberation Army 32382 Unit,Wuhan 432200,China;Shandong Institute of Nonmetallic Materials,Ji'nan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工程学院材料工程学院,河南郑州450007 [2]河南省纤维制备与改性工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450007 [3]中国人民解放军32382部队,湖北武汉432200 [4]山东非金属材料研究所,山东济南250031

出　　处：《塑料科技》2024年第9期38-44,共7页Plastics Science and Technology

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202311517004、202411517030)。

摘　　要：以湿法纺聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纤维为芯层,以正硅酸乙酯和聚丙烯腈(PAN)为皮层,通过静电纺纱仪制备SiO_(2)/PVDF和PAN/PVDF两种纤维包覆纱,并将纤维包覆纱进行碳化处理,然后加入聚乙烯醇(PVA)中通过冷冻干燥的方式制备气凝胶,研究两种纤维包覆纱对PVA基气凝胶压缩性能、隔热性能及电磁波吸收性能的影响。结果表明:纤维包覆纱的加入能够增强PVA基气凝胶的抗压缩性,其中加入PAN/PVDF包覆纱的气凝胶其抗压缩性能最佳,压缩应力达到112.3 kPa,相比未改性的气凝胶提升了45%,且经过5轮压缩回弹实验后,恢复率仍能保持90%以上。此外,加入纤维包覆纱后,两种改性气凝胶的介电损耗性能均提高。其中,当PAN/PVDF包覆纱改性后的气凝胶厚度为1 mm时,其有效吸波带宽为1.08 GHz,最强吸收峰值达到-40.4 dB,展现出优异的电磁波吸收性能。SiO_(2)/PVDF and PAN/PVDF fibers were prepared by electrospinning instrument with wet spinning polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)fiber as the core layer and ethyl orthosilicate and polyacrylonitrile(PAN)as the skin layer,and the fiber-coated yarn was carbonized,and then added to polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to prepare aerogel by freeze-drying.The effects of two kinds of fiber-coated yarns on compressibility properties,thermal insulation properties and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of PVA-based aerogels were studied.The results show that the addition of fiber-coated yarn can enhance the compression resistance of PVA-based aerogels,and the aerogels with PAN/PVDF coated yarns have the best compression resistance,with a compressive stress of 112.3 kPa,which is 45%higher than that of unmodified aerogels,and recovery rate can still be maintained by more than 90%after five rounds of compression rebound experiments.In addition,when the thickness of the aerogel modified by PAN/PVDF coated yarn is 1 mm,the effective absorption bandwidth is 1.08 GHz,and the maximum absorption peak reaches-40.4 dB,showing excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance.

关 键 词：气凝胶 纤维包覆纱 电磁波吸收 压缩性能 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]