三七土壤钾、pH值及其产量和品质对水肥制度的响应研究  

Impact of irrigation and fertilization on soil potassium,pH,as well as yield and quality of Panax Notoginseng

作　　者：丁明净 脱云飞[1] 何霞红 石小兰 向萍 杨启良[2] 黎建强[1] DING Mingjing;TUO Yunfei;HE Xiahong;SHI Xiaoan;XIANG Ping;YANG Qiiang;LI Jianqiang(Environmental Science and Engineering Department in Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;College of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650224 [2]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第10期55-66,共12页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979134);2021年度云南省农业联合专项面上项目(202101BD070001-077);云南省基础研究重点项目(202201AS070034);云南省重大科技项目(202102AE090042);昆明市重大科技项目(2021JH002)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究三七土壤钾素、pH值对不同水肥处理的响应以及提高三七产量和品质的最佳水肥制度。[方法]以试验区云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州泸西县大栗树村种植区三七为研究对象,试验设置4个施肥水平,施肥总量均为480 kg/hm^(2),根据苗期、花期、果期和根增重期的施肥占比不同,分别记为:F1(25%∶25%∶25%∶25%)、F2(25%∶30%∶20%∶25%)、F3(30%∶30%∶15%∶25%)、F4(40%∶20%∶10%∶30%);设置3个灌水水平W1(200m^(3)/hm^(2))、W2(300m^(3)/hm^(2))、W3(400m^(3)/hm^(2)),设置对照试验(CK),其灌水量为92 m^(3)/hm^(2),施肥总量为480 kg/hm^(2),各生育期施肥比例为苗期∶花期∶果期∶根增重期=25%∶25%∶25%∶25%。分析13种水肥制度下土壤钾素和pH值变化规律,以及钾素、pH值、三七产量、品质、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力的影响,运用优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS)对各处理进行综合品质评价,探究三七最优水肥制度。[结果](1)相同灌水水平和施肥比例下,土壤pH值随土层增加而降低,随生育期增加变化小;随生育期增加和施肥的不同无明显变化规律;相同灌溉水平下,三七土壤pH值均小于对应CK。三七所有生育期0~60 cm土层13种处理pH值范围为4.80~8.66,结合三七最适土壤pH值,W3F1、W2F4处理和W2F3处理适宜三七生长。(2)相同处理土壤全钾量和速效钾量随土层增加而减小;0~60 cm土层全钾量平均值随生育期的增加而增加,速效钾量平均值先减小后增加,全钾量平均值随灌水水平增加而减小,速效钾量平均值先增加后减小,全钾量平均值随施肥比例不同先减小后增加,速效钾量平均值先增加后减小。不同生育期吸钾规律为:果期>花期>根增重期>苗期,W2F3处理为钾素中最优处理,其全钾量和速效钾量为10.40g/kg和56.69mg/kg。(3)三七产量和肥料偏生产力随灌水水平的增加先增加后减小,水�【Objective】Panax Notoginseng is a medicinal herb and primarily grown in Southern China.This paper investigates the impact of irrigation and fertilization on soil potassium and pH,as well as yield and quality of Panax Notoginseng.【Method】The experiment was conducted in Dalishu Village,Luxi County,located in the Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province.It consisted of four fertilizations by applying the 480 kg/hm^(2) of fertilizers at different ratios in the seedling,flowering,fruiting and root gain stages:25%∶25%∶25%∶25%(F1),25%∶30%∶20%∶25%(F2),30%∶30%∶15%∶25%(F3),and 40%∶20%∶10%∶30%(F4).Each fertilization had three irrigation treatments:200 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W1),300 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)and 400 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3).The control(CK)was F1 combined with 92 m^(3)/hm^(2) of irrigation.In each treatment,we measured the changes in soil potassium content and pH.The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)was used to evaluate all treatments.【Result】①When irrigation and fertilization were the same,soil pH decreased with soil depth and tended to stabilize as the crop grew.The soil pH showed little sensitive to fertilization.When irrigation was the same,the average soil pH was lower in the four treatments than in the CK.During the experimental period,pH of the 0-60 cm soil in different treatments varied from 4.80-8.66.W3F1,W2F4 and W2F3 gave the optimal soil pH for the crop to grow.②Both total and available soil potassium decreased with increasing soil depth.As the crop grew,the total potassium in the 0-60 cm soil layer increased,while the available potassium decreased initially before increasing.With increasing irrigation amount,total soil potassium decreased,while the available potassium increased initially followed by a decline.Fertilization influenced the dynamics of total and available potassium.Irrespective of fertilization and irrigation,potassium uptake by roots in different growing stages was ranked as follows:fruiting period>flowering period>ro

关 键 词：微喷灌 水肥制度 三七 钾 PH值 皂苷 

分 类 号：S567.236[农业科学—中草药栽培]