飞轮储能用永磁电机研究进展  

Research progress on permanent magnet machines for flywheel energy storage

作　　者：徐帆 戴兴建 王又珑[2,3] 胡东旭 张华良[1,3] 陈海生 XU Fan;DAI Xingjian;WANG Youlong;HU Dongxu;ZHANG Hualiang;CHEN Haisheng(Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院工程热物理研究所 [2]中国科学院电工研究所,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2024年第10期3423-3441,共19页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：十四五国家重点研发计划(2023YFB2406302);内蒙重大专项(2020ZD0017)。

摘　　要：高速永磁电机能够满足飞轮储能系统对电机高效率、高功率密度的需求,目前主要还存在高速、高功率带来的转子旋转强度和转子散热这两个问题,永磁体的旋转离心载荷只能由转子结构来承担、真空运行高热阻条件增加了问题的难度。本文分析了飞轮储能用永磁电机的各种分类及其结构特点,对比了多个飞轮储能永磁电机案例中的主要参数,分析了永磁电机各类电磁损耗的计算方法、损耗减低措施。总结不同飞轮永磁电机的各项损耗占比,永磁电机额定状态下电磁损耗与额定功率的比值一般不超过5%,大功率永磁电机的转子损耗与额定功率的比值往往低于0.4%。简要回顾了永磁电机的热管理研究现状。新型永磁材料、转子直接冷却和飞轮电机转子一体式结构研究是未来飞轮储能永磁电机发展的重要方向。High speed permanent magnet machines can fulfill the requirements of flywheel energy storage systems by providing high efficiency and high power density.Currently,there are two main challenges:rotor strength and heat dissipation.The rotor structure must endure the centrifugal forces generated by high-speed rotation,while the vacuum environment exacerbates the issue by increasing thermal resistance and complicating heat dissipation This article analyzes the classification and structural characteristics of permanent magnet machines used in flywheel energy storage systems.It compares key parameters across various examples of these machines,examines methods for calculating and reducing electromagnetic losses,and summarizes the loss ratios for different flywheel permanent magnet motors.The ratio of electromagnetic losses to the rated power of permanent magnet motors is typically below 5%,with rotor losses in high-power permanent magnet motors often less than 0.4%of the rated power.The article provides a brief review of the current research on thermal management for permanent magnet machines.Key areas for future development in flywheel energy storage permanent magnet machines include the exploration of new permanent magnet materials,rotor direct cooling methods,and integrated rotor structures.

关 键 词：飞轮储能 永磁电机 损耗 散热方式 

分 类 号：TK02[动力工程及工程热物理]