欧盟对中东国家清洁能源外交的战略演进  

The Strategic Evolution of EU's Clean Energy Diplomacy in the Middle East

作　　者：杨影淇 孙德刚 YANG Yingqi;SUN Degang(School of International Relations&Public Affairs,Fudan University;Institute of International Studies,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433 [2]复旦大学中东研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2024年第4期102-127,159,160,共28页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金重点项目“大国在中东博弈的新动向与中国中东战略研究”(23AGJ011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：欧盟对中东国家的清洁能源外交以清洁能源合作为手段,以推动欧盟对中东国家整体合作为目的,是经济逻辑与政治逻辑的复合体,也是欧盟能源政策和大周边治理政策的有机组成部分。其战略演进经历了三个历史阶段:第一阶段以维护周边稳定、保障能源安全为目的,欧盟在“巴塞罗那进程”、欧洲睦邻政策以及与海合会的合作协定中提出清洁能源合作倡议;第二阶段以增强气候治理话语权、减少中东国家碳排放为目的,通过与地中海南部沿岸国家塑造“强”制度下的相互依赖、与海湾地区发展“弱”制度下的双边合作,逐步建立了在中东地区的清洁能源合作优势;第三阶段为应对英国脱欧、美俄军事博弈和中美科技竞争的挑战,欧盟不断深化与中东国家的清洁能源合作,争夺清洁能源技术、标准和市场,双方在战略对接、清洁能源治理制度裂变、氢能和天然气等重点合作领域均取得一系列合作成果。随着欧盟寻求摆脱对俄罗斯的能源依赖、地中海天然气的开发,能源储量丰富的中东国家发挥战略自主性的空间不断增大,欧盟对中东的清洁能源外交将面临来自大国战略竞争和中东国家战略自主的双重挑战。The EU's clean energy diplomacy with the Middle East,which emerged in the 199os,is part of the EU's neighboring governance and energy policies and can be roughly divided into three stages.During the first stage,spanning from 1993 to 2008,the EU advocated for cooperation in the development of clean energy through the Barcelona Process,the European Neighborhood Policy,and agreements of cooperation with the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC),aiming to uphold stability in its periphery and guarantee energy security.The second stage,spanning from 2008 to 2019,saw the EU enhancing climate governance and cooperation with Middle Eastern countries by fostering mutual dependence under a"strong"institutional framework with Mediterranean coastal nations and developing bilateral collaborations under a "weak"institutional framework with the Gulf region.Gradually,the EU established its advantage in clean energy cooperation in the Middle East.Since 2019,the third stage has seen the EU continuously deepening its clean energy cooperation with Middle Eastern countries in response to competition from major powers.Both sides have achieved a series of cooperation outcomes in strategic alignment,the evolution of clean energy governance systems,and in key areas of cooperation such as hydrogen energy and natural gas.As the EU strives to reduce its energy dependence on Russia and explore natural gas resources along the Mediterranean coast,Middle Eastern countries that control energy resources have increasing opportunities to exercise strategic autonomy.The EU's clean energy diplomacy with the Middle East will encounter challenges from competition with major powers and the strategic balance of Middle Eastern countries.

关 键 词：欧盟绿色新政 清洁能源外交 能源转型 欧盟中东政策 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]