农民工返乡创业何以缩小县域城乡收入差距--基于返乡创业试点政策的考察  

Does Migrant Workers'Returning Home to Start Businesses Narrow the Urban-Rural Income Gap in Counties--Evidence from the Pilot Policy of Returning Home to Start Businesses

作　　者：郭东 李琳[1] 庞国光 乔璐 Guo Dong;Li Lin;Pang Guoguang;Qiao Lu

机构地区：[1]湖南大学经济与贸易学院 [2]山东理工大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2024年第5期50-65,共16页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“长江中游城市群创新共同体演化机制与治理体系研究”(编号:22FJLB007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：引导农民工返乡创业,既是改善劳动力空间错配的有效手段,又是缩小城乡收入差距的重要路径。文章使用全国县级面板数据,运用双重差分法考察了农民工返乡创业试点政策对城乡收入差距的影响及其空间溢出效应。研究发现,农民工返乡创业试点政策能显著缩小城乡收入差距,这一结果经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。农民工返乡创业试点政策缩小城乡收入差距的作用在中西部县域、粮食主产县和劳务输出县中更为突出。机制分析表明,农民工返乡创业试点政策可以通过促进产业结构升级、缓解融资约束和提高创新水平来缩小城乡收入差距。进一步研究发现,农民工返乡创业试点政策存在空间溢出效应,在缩小本地城乡收入差距的同时,拉大了邻近县域的城乡收入差距。文章研究结论为优化农民工返乡创业政策、缩小城乡收入差距提供了重要的经验证据。Guiding migrant workers to return to their hometowns and start their own businesses is not only an effective means to improve labor market mismatch,but also an important path to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.This article examines the mechanism and spatial spillover effects of the policy of migrant workers'returning home to start business on the urban-rural income gap by using Chinese county data and the difference-in-differences method.It is found that the policy can significantly narrow the urban-rural income gap,and this result still holds after a series of robustness tests.The reduction in urban-rural income gap is more significant in the central and western counties,the main food-producing counties,and the labor-exporting counties.The mechanism tests show that the policy can narrow the urban-rural income gap by promoting industrial structure upgrading,alleviating financing constraints,and improving the level of innovation.Further research finds that there is a significant spatial spllover effect of the policy,which can significantly reduce the urban-rural income gap in the local counties,whereas widening the urban-rural income gap in neighboring counties.The above findings provide important evidence for further optimizing the policy of migrant workers returning home to start business and narrowing the urban-rural income gap.

关 键 词：返乡创业 城乡收入差距 双重差分法 空间溢出效应 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F279.2F124.7