女性地位、家庭决策与农民工子女留守  

Women's Status,Household Decision-Making,and Left-Behind Children

作　　者：石智雷 宁桃丽 Shi Zhilei;Ning Taoli

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学经济学院/人口与健康研究中心 [2]中南财经政法大学公管学院/人口与健康研究中心

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2024年第5期82-97,共16页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“流动人口二代成年后面临的问题研究”(编号:22&ZD196)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现有理论认为户籍制度是农村留守儿童的根本原因,然而即使户籍制度已放宽,依然存在大量留守儿童。文章从家庭决策的视角出发,基于2018年流动人口动态监测调查数据(CMDS),使用1979年和1983年全国各地区获得“三八红旗手”称号的女性比率构建工具变量,实证检验了女性地位对农民工子女留守的影响及其内在机制。研究发现,女性地位的提升能够显著降低农民工子女留守的概率,该结论在进行重新定义样本和调整核心变量的测度等稳健性检验后仍然成立。异质性分析发现,女性地位的提升显著减少了女孩留守现象,对男孩的影响不显著。机制分析表明,女性地位的提升,增强了家庭对子女成长发展的关注;同时,女性地位提升后家庭生育孩子数量减少,家庭成员的工作时长缩短,可用于照料子女的时间和物质资源更充裕,有效降低了子女的留守概率。文章结论为理解近年来户籍制度改革不断深化背景下的儿童留守现象提供了新的视角,也为有效减少儿童留守现象提供了政策启示。The household registration sys tem is often cited as the root cause of left-behind children in rural areas.However,despite its relaxation,many left-behind children remain.This paper examines the impact of women's family status on the incidence of left-behind children among migrant workers,using data from the 2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS).An instrumental variable is constructed based on the proportion of women who received the"March 8th Red Banner"award at the county level in 1979 and 1983.The results show that higher women's status significantly reduces the likelihood of children being left behind.This finding holds across various robustness tests.Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the improved status of women significantly reduces the incidence of left-behind girls but has no significant effect on boys.Mechanism analysis suggests that higher women's status reduces the likelihood of left-behind children through greater attention to child development,fewer births,and reduced working hours of family members.This study provides new insights into the issue of left-behind children amid the ongoing reform of the hukou system and offers policy recommendations to mitigate this problem.

关 键 词：留守儿童 女性地位 家庭决策 农民工 性别差异 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] D669.5[政治法律—政治学] D669.68[政治法律—中外政治制度]