偏向型技术进步、要素价格扭曲与要素配置效率  

Biased Technological Progress,Factor Price Distortion and Factor Allocation Efficiency

作　　者：徐邵军 刘修岩[1,2] 倪克金 Xu Shaojun;Liu Xiuyan;Ni Kejin(School of Economics and Management,Southeast University;National School of Development and Policy,Southeast University)

机构地区：[1]东南大学经济管理学院,211189 [2]东南大学国家发展与政策研究院,210096

出　　处：《经济评论》2024年第5期3-19,共17页Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展格局下长三角一体化大市场研究”(22&ZD066);国家社会科学基金青年项目“共同富裕目标下异质性劳动力流动的机制与福利效应研究”(23CJL027);中国博士后科学基金第74批面上项目“异质性劳动力流动、要素空间配置与地区经济差距——基于动态量化空间均衡的研究”(2023M740614);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20230444)的资助。

摘　　要：如何找寻适宜的技术进步路径、发挥地区要素禀赋的比较优势已然成为优化地区要素配置效率、促进区域经济协调发展的关键。本文拓展了传统的HK模型,阐释了偏向型技术进步与要素价格扭曲对要素配置效率的作用机制。在此基础上,通过构建状态空间模型,对资本和劳动产出贡献份额的时变特征进行识别和估计,发现中国技术进步的要素偏向特征逐渐由资本偏向型向劳动偏向型转变。为捕捉由要素跨区域配置引发的配置效率改善,构建了新的要素配置效率指标,并采用2004—2015年中国工业企业数据和省级宏观数据,对要素配置效率、偏向型技术进步和要素价格扭曲之间的关系进行实证检验,进一步发现劳动偏向型技术进步有助于改善要素配置效率,且劳动价格负向扭曲对要素配置效率提升的阻滞作用要显著强于资本价格负向扭曲的阻滞作用。本文研究为地区最优技术进步路径选择,以及如何因地制宜发展新质生产力、优化要素空间配置效率提供了理论支撑。Within the process of regional economic development,the identification of appropriate avenues for technological progress and the utilization of regional factors'comparative advantages have emerged as pivotal factors in fostering the synchronized growth of regional economies and enhancing the efficiency of factor allocation.This study expands upon the conventional HK model by clarifying the mechanisms through which biased technological progress and factor price distortions impact factor allocation efficiency.The study also develops a state space model to analyze and estimate the evolving features of the contributions of capital and labor to output,unveiling a progressive transition in China's technological progress path from capital-biased to labor-biased.A new efficiency indicator is developed to measure the enhancement in factor allocation efficiency due to inter-regional factor reallocation.Utilizing macroeconomic data from Chinese provinces and industrial enterprise data spanning from 2004 to 2015,this study empirically examines the associations among factor allocation efficiency,biased technological progress,and factor price distortions.Labor-biased technological progress is identified as a factor that enhances factor allocation efficiency.What's more,the hindrance caused by the negative distortion of labor price on improving factor allocation efficiency is notably more pronounced than the hindrance caused by the negative distortion of capital price.

关 键 词：技术进步偏向性 要素价格扭曲 要素空间错配 状态空间模型 

分 类 号：F424.6[经济管理—产业经济] F061.5