制造业企业的劳动力市场垄断势力:非中性技术进步环境下的识别与估计  

Labor Market Monopsony Power in Chinese Manufacturing Firms:Identification and Estimation in an Environment of Non-Neutral Technological Change

作　　者：尹恒 李辉[2] 张道远 YIN Heng;LI Hui;ZHANG Dao-yuan(National Academy of Development and Strategy,Renmin University of China;Economics and Management School,Wuhan University;Center for Think Tank Research,Shandong Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院 [2]武汉大学经济与管理学院 [3]山东社会科学院智库研究中心

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2024年第8期24-42,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国劳动收入份额演变的新趋势及驱动力研究:基于企业行为的微观视角”(批准号72173131)。

摘　　要：劳劳动力市场垄断(即企业具有一定程度的工资定价权)不仅妨碍劳动要素的有效配置,还会扭曲国民收入初次分配。使用微观数据对劳动力市场垄断进行定量研究,在非中性技术进步环境下其结果可能存在严重偏误。为此,本文提出一种能够考虑非中性技术进步的结构估计方法,直接在微观层面识别与估计企业的劳动力市场断势力。基于2008一2016年全国税收调查数据的估计结果显示,中国制造业企业在劳动力市场具有相当程度的买方垄断势力:劳动折价率加权均值为2.08,即员工只得到其边际产出的大约48%。样本期内劳动折价率保持稳定,意味着这一时期劳资双方的分配关系并未明显改变,资本仍然居于主导地位。本文发现,忽视非中性技术进步可能影响劳动折价率估计结果,从而在一些重要问题上得到误导性结论。本文从微观视角刻画了国际金融危机以来中国制造业劳动力市场断状况的整体图景,为新时期破除劳动力市场垄断障碍、完善初次收入分配体系提供了重要经验支撑。Labor market monopsony(i.e.,firms have a certain degree of wage pricing power)not only hinders effective labor allocation but also distorts the primary distribution of national income.In recent years,China's labor market has undergone profound changes.In this context,it is significant to accurately grasp the monopsony status of China's labor market for scientific planning and promoting the market-oriented reform of production factors.However,due to the lack of ideal indicators,empirical research on labor market monopsony has been scarce for a long time.Recently,academia has begun to use microdata to conduct quantitative research on labor market monopsony(e.g.,Yeh et al.,2022).However,the results may be seriously biased in the environment of non-neutral technological change.Therefore,this paper proposes a structural estimation method that can consider non-neutral technological change,thus directly identifying and estimating labor market monopsony at the micro level.The estimated results based on the National Tax Survey data from 2008 to 2016 show that Chinese manufacturing firms have a considerable degree of monopsony power in the labor market:the weighted average markdown(the ratio of marginal income of labor to wage)is 2.08,that is,workers only get about 48%of their marginal output.The markdown remains stable during the sample period,which means that the distribution relationship between labor and capital has not changed significantly during this period and capital still occupies a dominant position.Our results show that ignoring non-neutral technological change may lead to biased estimates of markdown,resulting in misleading conclusions on some important issues.Our results show that it is necessary to pay attention to not only the monopoly power of firms in the product market but also the monopsony power of firms in the labor market and protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.At present,China still faces some prominent problems in labor allocation,and it is necessary to further reduce or even eli

关 键 词：劳动力市场垄断 劳动折价率 非中性技术进步 结构估计 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]