重解马克思的“社会形态”概念  

A Reinterpretation of Marx's Concept of“Gesellschaftsformation”

作　　者：韩蒙 Han Meng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学哲学院 [2]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《哲学研究》2024年第9期22-31,128,共11页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：“社会形态”是马克思在资本主义研究、地质学转用和世界历史考察的基础上创造并使用的重要概念。作为一个新概念,“社会形态”所要把握和诠释的对象,是类似地质构造的社会构成,是一种持续构成且变革中的社会机体。研究此种社会机体及其演化的方法,是马克思基于“具体社会”的历史科学,而非基于“抽象社会”的一般历史哲学。历史科学内在地要求在具体社会之中理解历史规律和演化序列,进入亚细亚社会与西方式社会的原生差异,破除资产阶级文明背后的视角从属,呈现原生文明的本来面目。对社会形态的重新开解,不仅有助于揭示此概念的原初语境和多重含义,更为探明特定社会的真实历史、文明根基和社会主义道路提供了方法论指引。"Gesellschaftsformation"is an important concept created and used by Marx on the basis of his research on capitalism,geology and world history.The very object that“Gesellschaftsformation”,as a new concept,needs to grasp is the social composition similar to geological structure,which means a social organism in continuous composition and change.The method of studying this social organism and its evolution is Marx's science of history based on“concrete society”,rather than the general philosophy of history based on“abstract society”.The science of history intrinsically requires understanding historical laws and evolutionary sequence in the concrete society,probing into the primitive differences between Asiatic society and Western society,and breaking the ideological colonization behind bourgeois civilization.The reinterpretation of“Gesellschaftsformation”not only presents the original context and its multiple meanings,but also provides a methodological guidance for exploring the real history,civilizational foundation and socialist road of a specific society.

关 键 词：社会构成 具体社会 原生差异 历史科学 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]