西方舆图所见元明清时期中国疆域形象辨正  

Distinguishing and Correcting of China's Territory Image in Western Ancient Maps during the Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：孔迎川 Kong Yingchuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国边疆研究所,北京市朝阳区100101

出　　处：《中国边疆史地研究》2024年第3期201-212,F0003,共13页China's Borderland History and Geography Studies

摘　　要：元朝时期,东来的欧洲使者描绘出了他们所谓“契丹”“蛮子”的中国疆域形象,奠定了突出族群分异的西方中国舆图绘制传统。明至清初,“China”的中国概念形成,西方传教士更多接触到的是明朝疆域形象,形成了“中原王朝为中国”“长城以北非中国”的错误时空观念。明清易代后,杜赫德与唐维尔等人对“清朝中国”的描述在已有错误时空观念的基础上,建构出“中华帝国”包含“中国”的“板块帝国”绘图模式。这种绘图模式对西方中国边疆研究及中国地图绘制影响深远。西方“绘制中国”的同时,也在按照其标准定义“中国疆域”。理解这一历史过程,对认清西方对中国疆域形象的歪曲,形成中国自主的疆域理论体系有重要意义。During the Yuan Dynasty,European emissaries drew images of China's territory that they called“Cathay”and“Mani”,establishing a Western tradition of mapping China that highlighted ethnic differences.f'rom the Ming Dynasty to the early Oing Dynasty,the concept of “China”was formed.Western missionaries were more acquainted with the image of the Ming Dynasty's territory,forming the wrong time and space concept that“the Central Plains Dynasty is China”and“the north of the Great Wall is not China”.In the Qing Dynasty,j.B.Du Halde and D'Anville,on the basis of the existing wrong concept,constructed a drawing pattern of“plate empire”in which“China”was included in“Chinese Empire”.This mapping mode has a profound influence on Western research on China's borders and Chinese map drawing.While the Western was“mapping China”,it was also constantly defining“China's territory”according to its own standards.

关 键 词：西方舆图 疆域形象 中国地图 长城 大一统 

分 类 号：K928.1[历史地理—人文地理学]