甲午战争爆发后明治日本的“战争宣传”探析  

An Analysis on Meiji Japan's"War Propaganda"after the Outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War

作　　者：董灏智[1,2] Dong Haozhi

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院、世界文明史研究中心 [2]中国历史研究院韩东育工作室

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2024年第9期3-11,共9页History Teaching

摘　　要：甲午战争爆发之后,日本明治政府公布《对清国宣战诏书》,日本社会各界随之出版了大量“日清战争实记”,它们除了向日本民众介绍战争进程之外,更是将战争爆发的罪责全部推给中国。在这一过程中,日本利用《万国公法》将其对朝鲜事务的干涉美化成“帮助朝鲜独立”,把自身塑造成“文明”“和平”的国家形象,贬低中国为“野蛮”“落后”的国家。同时,日本学者还大肆宣扬“郑成功反清”之事,称甲午战争为“反清”义战的延续,并将中国台湾作为侵占对象。这意味着,日本从“战争宣传”的层面力证其被迫应战的合理性与合法性,其中明显存在歪曲事实之处,但随着日本在战争中不断取胜,“战争宣传”中的内容与丰臣秀吉的壬辰战争、江户中后期的对外扩张设想相关联,使日本民众意识到丰臣秀吉未完成的“事业”正逐步实现,进一步增强了日本民众的民族自信心,加速了日本的侵略进程。Following the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War,the Meiji government of Japan issued the Edict Declaring War on Qing,prompting a wave of publications titled"True Accounts of the Sino-Jap-anese War"from various sectors of Japanese society.These works not only informed the Japanese pub-lic about the course of the war but also assigned full blame for its outbreak to China.In this context,Ja-pan utilized the concept of International Law to present its intervention in Korean affairs as a means of"assisting Korea in achieving independence",thereby crafting an image of itself as a"civilized"and"peaceful"nation,while depicting China as"barbaric"and"backward".Additionally,Japanese schol-ars promoted the historical narrative of"Zheng Chenggong's resistance against the Qing",framing the First Sino-Japanese War as a continuation of this anti-Qing struggle,with Taiwan of China being iden-tified as a target for occupation.This approach illustrates Japan's efforts to rationalize its war involve-ment through"war propaganda",despite evident distortions of the truth.As Japan achieved successive victories in the conflict,the elements of this propaganda began to resonate with Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Imjin War and the expansionist ambitions of the late Edo period.This led the Japanese public to recog-nize that Hideyoshi's unfinished"mission"was progressively being realized,further strengthening na-tional pride and accelerating Japan's imperialistic pursuits.

关 键 词：甲午战争 中国 日本 战争宣传 

分 类 号：K304[历史地理—历史学]