贵州省2014-2023年新发麻风病的流行病学及时空分布特征分析  

Epidemiological and spatiotemporal distribution of new cases of leprosy in Guizhou Province from 2014 to 2023

作　　者：李连凤 刘洁[1] 王德[1] 刘航[1] 柯伟[1] 李进岚[1] Li Lianfeng;Liu Jie;Wang De;Liu Hang;Ke Wei;Li Jinlan(Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《贵州医药》2024年第10期1521-1525,F0003,共6页Guizhou Medical Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81260436)。

摘　　要：目的分析贵州省2014-2023年新发麻风病的流行病学特征及时空分布,为本省麻风病防控工作提供新思路。方法数据资料来源于全国麻风防治信息管理系统(LEPMIS系统),采用SPSS22.0和ArcGIS 10.6.1软件进行数据分析和空间分布分析。结果2014-2023年贵州省共报告新发现麻风病例699例,新发病例发现率从2014年的0.35/10万下降至2023年的0.14/10万,年发现率为0.20/10万。其中18.60%的患者表现为2级畸残(G2D),2020年以来G2D率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=4.711,P=0.030)。全省麻风病患病率呈逐年下降趋势,从2014年的1.16/10万下降到2023年的0.53/10万。2014-2023年全省新发麻风病例呈现出四种类型的聚集,高-高聚集区主要分布在黔西南州和安顺市,2017年后逐渐向黔南地区扩散。结论近年来贵州省内麻风病传播链在县一级可能依然存在,做好流动人口的早期发现和麻风患者家内及密切接触者的追踪和检查工作,将有效降低麻风致畸致残和在县级的传播与流行。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial and temporal distribution of new cases of leprosy in Guizhou Province from 2014 to 2023,and provide new ideas for the prevention and control of leprosy in Guizhou Province.Methods The data were collected from the Leprosy Management Information System in China(LEPMIS system),and SPSS 22.0 and ArcGIS 10.6.1 software were used for data analysis and spatial distribution analysis.Results A total of 699 new cases of leprosy were reported in Guizhou Province from 2014 to 2023,and the rate of new cases decreased from 0.35/100000 in 2014 to 0.14/100000 in 2023,with an annual incidence of 0.20/100000.Among them,18.60%of the patients showed Grade 2 teratosis(G2D),and the G2D rate showed an increasing trend since 2020(χ^(2)=4.711,P=0.030).The prevalence rate of leprosy in the province showed a decreasing trend year by year,from 1.16/100000 in 2014 to 0.53/100000 in 2023.From 2014 to 2023,there were four types of clusters of new leprosy cases in the province.The high-high clusters were mainly distributed in Qianxinan Prefecture and Anshun,and gradually spread to southern Guizhou after 2017.Conclusion In recent years,the transmission chain of leprosy in Guizhou Province may still exist at the county level.Doing a good job in the early detection of floating population and tracking and examination of leprosy patients in their homes and close contacts will effectively reduce the teratogenic disability of leprosy and the spread and prevalence at the county level.

关 键 词：麻风病 流行病学特征 时空分布 

分 类 号：R755.01[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]