有因型敲诈勒索的法益识别与入罪限缩  

On the Crime of Extortion with Cause:the Identification of Legal Interests and Restricting the Criminal Scope

作　　者：郑泽星 ZHENG Zexing

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第10期85-99,共15页Political Science and Law

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金青年项目“个人信息保护的规范冲突与跨法域协调研究”(项目编号:23YBQ003)的研究成果。

摘　　要：有因型敲诈勒索是否构成犯罪的考察应基于敲诈勒索罪的保护法益进行规范判断。敲诈勒索罪的保护法益为双层法益构造,其中,法益主体占有财产的平和状态为财产法益,法益主体处分财产的动态过程为处分法益。前者的内容是具有刑法保护价值的财产秩序,其判断方法是考察行为人的索财诉求是否具有合理根据;后者的内容是个人决策自由,其判断方法是考察被害人是否具有他行为可能性。行为只有同时侵害敲诈勒索罪的财产法益和处分法益才构成本罪。基于法定事由和道德优势的敲诈勒索行为无损敲诈勒索罪的财产法益,即使行为完全压制个人决策自由,也不宜评价为敲诈勒索罪;基于道德平势和道德劣势的敲诈勒索行为侵害敲诈勒索罪的财产法益,依行为对个人决策自由侵害程度的不同可以分别构成敲诈勒索罪或者抢劫罪。The examination of whether extortion with cause constitutes a crime should be based on a normative determination of the legal interests protected by the law on the crime of extortion.The legal interests protected by the law on the crime of extortion involve a two-tier structure:the peaceful occupation of property by the subject of the legal interest is the property interest,and the dynamic process of the disposal of the property by the subject of the legal interest represents the disposal interest.The former is concerned with the property order which is a kind of value worth being protected by the criminal law,and its determination method is to examine whether the perpetrator's demand for property has reasonable grounds;the latter is concerned with individual freedom of decision-making,and its determination method is to examine whether the victim has the option to take another action.The act only constitutes the crime of extortion if it simultaneously infringes upon both the property interest and the disposal interest.The act of extortion with legal grounds and moral superiority does not harm the property interest in the crime of extortion,and even if the act completely suppresses individual freedom of decision-making,it should not be considered as the crime of extortion;the act of extortion with moral equilibrium and moral inferiority infringes upon the property interest in the crime of extortion,and depending on the degree to which the act infringes upon individual freedom of decision-making,it may constitute either the crime of extortion or the crime of robbery.

关 键 词：有因型敲诈勒索 敲诈勒索罪 法益识别 财产法益 处分法益 

分 类 号：DF613[政治法律—刑法学]