备案审查暂停规范效力决定的理论及制度建构  

On the Theoretical and Institutional Development on the Decision to Suspend the Validity of A Norm During the Recording and Review

作　　者：黄卫 HUANG Wei

机构地区：[1]广州大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第10期131-144,共14页Political Science and Law

基　　金：2022年度司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“中国税法规范解释体系建构”(项目编号:22SFB5050);2024年度广东省哲学社会科学规划共建项目“数字经济时代税收治理的法律保障”(项目编号:GD24XFX14)的研究成果。

摘　　要：我国备案审查制度存在刚性不足、运行程序繁复、耗时冗长等设计缺漏,无法及时保障由制度性歧视或规则性侵权所侵害的公共利益或公民基本权利,因此有必要建构备案审查暂停规范效力决定制度,以避免由于程序延宕使备案审查丧失实质意义与实效性。备案审查暂停规范效力决定是指,各级人大常委会为避免法律所保障的公民权利或公共利益遭受难以恢复的重大损害且具有急迫性时,可依申请或依职权,就系争法规范作出暂停规范效力决定。我国行政诉讼法上规范性文件暂停执行司法建议制度已有类似制度的雏形,德国法丰富的理论和实践经验印证了该制度的积极效用。备案审查暂停规范效力决定可在备案审查的督促阶段以及处置阶段作出,但须同时满足程序要件和实体要件。备案审查暂停规范效力决定制度的重要性不仅在于完善备案审查程序本身,而且在于发挥备案审查最终决定对当前利益的及时保障功能。Owing to the design flaws in the system of China on recording and review including insufficient rigor,burdensome operational procedures,and being time-consuming,it fails to promptly safeguard public interests or citizens'fundamental rights compromised by systemic discrimination or regulatory encroachment.Consequently,it is essential to establish a system of deciding to suspend the validity of a norm in the recording and review to prevent the final decision of the recording and review from losing its substantive significance and effectiveness due to procedural procrastination.The"Decision to Suspend the Validity of A Norm During the Recording and Review"refers to that the Standing Committee of the People's Congress at various levels may decide upon application or authority to suspend the validity of the legal norm at issue in order to prevent citizens'rights or public interests protected by the law from hardly recoverable and serious injury when it is urgent.The system of judicial suggestion on suspending a normative document in in Administrative Procedural Law of China enjoys the embryonic form of a similar system,and the abundant theoretical and practical experiences from German law attest to the positive utility of such system.The decision to suspend the validity of a norm during the recording and review may be made in the urging or disposing phases of the recording and review for the final decision,but must pass the examination of both procedural and substantive elements.The significance of establishing a decision to suspend the validity of a norm during the recording and review lies not only in refining the recording and review procedure itself but also in letting the final decision of recording and review play its role of protecting immediate interests in a timely manner.

关 键 词：备案审查 暂停规范效力决定 审查机制 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]