制度衍生还是主观驱动——中国城市有劳动能力低保家庭的福利依赖类型  

Institution Derivation or Subjectivity Driven: Categories of Welfare Dependency based on Urban Dibao Families with Work Capacity in China

作　　者：韩克庆 赵晰 Han Keqing;Zhao Xi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会发展战略研究院,北京100732 [2]中国人民大学社会学院 [3]中国人民大学北京社会建设研究基地,北京100872

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2024年第8期46-56,F0002,177,共13页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“促进全体人民共同富裕背景下社会政策体系创新发展研究”(23ASH003)。

摘　　要：福利依赖是各国福利政策共同关注的重要议题,具有多维内涵表现。“中国城乡困难家庭社会政策支持系统建设”城市调查数据和主客观多维指标的聚类分析显示,城市有劳动能力的低保对象存在长期性、持续性受助依赖现象,但低保家庭多数并不存在零就业的情况。福利依赖整体上体现在制度设计层面而非个体行为层面。城市低保家庭的福利依赖主要表现为六种类型,包括主观依赖型、长期依赖型、持续依赖型、典型依赖型、短期依赖型、深度依赖型。为应对制度衍生性福利依赖,政策部门可从制度建设上着力优化,推动低保制度的减负松绑,建立定期轮换制度,提高低保对象的工作能动性。The issue of welfare dependency has raised worldwide concern in social welfare policy domain.Using the national-representative survey data of“Social Support System for Impoverished Households in Urban China”,descriptive statistics based on objective and subjective indicators revealed that welfare dependency exists in terms of long-term and continuous social assistance recipience in urban Dibao families,but most of the Dibao families with work capacity do not exhibit the non-employment characteristic.This indicates that welfare dependency mainly manifests in the policy institutional arrangement rather than individual behavior.The welfare dependence of urban Dibao families mainly manifests in six types,including subjective dependence,long-term dependence,sustained dependence,typical dependence,short-term dependence,and deep dependence.In response to the welfare dependency,policymakers might consider optimizing the social assistance system by unbinding Dibao from other assistance programs,establishing a regular rotation system,and enhancing the work initiative of Dibao recipients.

关 键 词：福利依赖 类型划分 城市低保 聚类分析 社会救助 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学] F249.2[政治法律—中外政治制度] F842.61[经济管理—劳动经济]