刑法因果关系的基本问题  

Basic Issues in Criminal Law Causation

作　　者：邹兵建 Zou Bingjian

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期163-180,共18页Journal of Nankai university Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：以往学界很少关注刑法因果关系的基本问题,从而导致对刑法因果关系的理解存在整体性的偏差。刑法因果关系的基本问题由刑法因果关系的适用范围、司法功能、学说使命、判断模式、成立标准五个问题组成。从罪名类型的角度看,所有在犯罪成立条件或量刑条件中包含实害结果的罪名都需要考察刑法因果关系;从案件类型的角度看,有且只有那些发生了实害结果的案件才需要考察刑法因果关系。刑法因果关系既可能影响定罪,也可能影响量刑,其司法功能具体体现为六种不同的情形。刑法因果关系理论学说的使命是为刑法因果关系三段论模型确定大前提的内容,即为刑法因果关系设置妥当的成立标准,而非查明行为与结果之间的事实关联。刑法因果关系的判断应当采用“先归因后归责”模式,这种模式能够兼顾刑法因果关系的科学性与规范性,可以避免将事实判断与规范判断混为一谈。刑法因果关系的成立标准是多元的。更为确切地说,结果归因的成立标准是一元的,而结果归责的成立标准是多元的。Historically,the fundamental issues of causation in criminal law have received little attention in academic circles,leading to a holistic deviation in understanding criminal law causation.The basic issues of criminal law causation consist of five aspects:1)the scope of application;2)judicial function;3)theoretical mission;4)judgment model;and 5)criteria for establishment.From the perspective of types of offenses,all crimes that include a result of harm in the conditions for establishing criminal liability or sentencing require an examination of criminal law causation.From the perspective of types of cases,only those cases that involve a result of harm need to assess criminal law causation.Criminal law causation may impact both conviction and sentencing,manifesting in six distinct scenarios.The mission of the theoretical doctrine of criminal law causation is to determine the major premises of the syllogistic model of criminal law causation,specifically by setting appropriate criteria for establishing criminal law causation,rather than merely identifying the factual connection between actions and results.The judgment of criminal law causation should follow the"cause before responsibility"model.This approach balances the scientific and normative aspects of criminal law causation,preventing the conflation of factual judgment with normative judgment.The criteria for establishing criminal law causation are diverse.More precisely,the criteria for result attribution are monistic,while the criteria for result liability are pluralistic.

关 键 词：刑法因果关系 结果归因 结果归责 一元论 多元论 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]