财赋与民生:宋代明州广德湖田的利权纠葛  

Fiscal Revenue or People’s Livelihood:The Rights Controversy of Shoaly Land from Guangde Lake in Mingzhou Prefecture During the Song Dynasty

作　　者：张亦冰 Zhang Yibing(School of History,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期117-127,共11页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“十至十三世纪政治与社会再探研”(22JJD770005)。

摘　　要：广德湖是唐宋时期浙东明州地区最大的湖泊之一,其蓄水供水、防洪抗旱等水利功能,促进了当地农业发展与城市繁荣。北宋政和七年,宋廷诏令将广德湖堙塞为田,取其田租以供高丽使节。宋室南渡后,曾一度罢废浙东诸多湖田,复为湖泊,但广德湖始终不在其列。究其原因,广德湖田及其租米存废不但牵涉宋廷、军方及地方官府利害,更与当地滨湖民户利权密切相关。一方面,湖田租米与国家财政密切关联,起初归属御前钱物、朝廷钱物,州县不得干预支用;宋孝宗朝又大部供给明州水军军粮,州司开支亦有赖于此。另一方面,湖田作为官田,其租额一度相对较低,迁居包佃湖田者,多为鄞西形势之家乃至官户,不愿废湖以致收益受损。相比越州上虞、余姚等地乡党士夫、地方官府彼此联合,推进朝廷复湖决策,鄞县官府、士民围绕湖田租利权形成了利益共同体;而动摇广德湖田利权秩序的复湖动议,遂难以有效施行,甚至陷入长期沉寂。Guangde Lake(广德)was one of the largest lakes in the Mingzhou(明州)area of eastern Zhejiang(浙东)during the Tang and Song Dynasties.Its water conservancy functions such as water storage,water supply,flood control and drought relief promoted local agricultural development and urban prosperity.In 1117,that is,the 7~(th)year of Zhenghe(政和七年)under the reign of the Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty(宋徽宗),the imperial court issued an edict,ordering that Guangde Lake should be blocked and transformed into official shoaly land,with its rents being used to support the Korean envoys.During the Southern Song Dynasty,a lot of shoaly land in eastern Zhejiang was abandoned and restored to lakes.However,the shoaly land in Guangde Lake was not included.Whether the shoaly land in Guangde Lake was kept or deserted,was related not only to the interests of the imperial court,the military officers and the local government officials,but also to the rights of the local lakeside households.On the one hand,the rice harvested from shoaly land with its rents were important national fiscal revenue.Initially,the land rents belonged to the emperor's treasury and the imperial court's treasury,which were not allowed to be spent by prefecture and county governments.But during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty(宋孝宗),the imperial court appropriated a large portion of land rents to the navy of Mingzhou Prefecture as its provisions,and also to the local governments for their expenses.On the other hand,as the shoaly land was official land,its rents were relatively low.Most of the tenants of the shoaly land were originally rich and powerful families and even official households who moved from western Jinxian(鄞西).They were unwilling to suffer losses from the abandonment of their shoaly land.In contrast with the unity between the scholar-officials in the village communities from Shangyu(上虞)and Yuyao(余姚)of Yuezhou(越州)and the local government officials who promoted the imperial court to make the d

关 键 词：宋代 明州 广德湖田 田租 财政 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]