拉美地区在国际能源新变局中的地位及前景  

Latin America's position and prospects in the new international energy scenario

作　　者：陈晓阳[1] 赵宏图[1] CHEN Xiaoyang;ZHAO Hongtu(China Institute of Contemporary International Relations)

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2024年第9期1-11,共11页International Petroleum Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“世界能源结构变化及其地缘政治影响研究”(项目编号:23BGJ039)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：拉丁美洲地区能源资源丰富,随着巴西、圭亚那和苏里南等国规模巨大海上油田的发现,该地区再次成为世界石油工业的新热点。拉美国家是国际能源低碳转型的新生力量,特别是随着全球清洁能源发展加速,其在铜、锂、镍等关键矿产资源的优势进一步凸显。拉美地区是国际能源地缘政治博弈的重要赛场:美国对委内瑞拉石油制裁仍将持续;随着关键矿产重要性上升,拉美国家资源民族主义再度回潮,该地区存在较大的西方干涉风险与地缘政治压力;资源国间领土争端也成为国际市场稳定隐患。拉美地区基础设施和相关投资不足,清洁能源产业发展、关键矿产开发等都需要拉美国家加大投资力度,在自身资金和技术等受限的情况下,拉美有望成为国际能源资源投资的新热土。由于存在炼油能力和设备不足、管理缺位和腐败丛生、国家间政治差异突出、政策频繁变动以及围绕关键矿产的大国竞争等内外诸多问题,拉美地区能源产业的发展和资源优势的发挥仍将面临许多不确定因素。Latin America is rich in energy resources.With the discovery of large offshore oil fields in Brazil,Guyana,and Suriname,the region has once again become a new hot spot for the world's oil industry.It is also a new force in the international low-carbon energy transition.In particular,Latin America's advantages in key mineral resources such as copper,lithium,and nickel have become more prominent with the acceleration of global clean energy development.However,Latin America is also an important arena for international energy geopolitical games.US sanctions on Venezuelan oil will continue,Latin American resource nationalism has once again resurfaced with the increasing importance of key minerals,the region faces major risks of Western interference and geopolitical pressure,and territorial disputes between resource-rich countries have also become a hidden danger to the stability of the international market.At the same time,the lack of infrastructure and related investment in Latin America,the development of clean energy industries and the development of key minerals require Latin American countries to increase investment.Under the constraints of their own funds and technology,Latin America is expected to become a new hot spot for international investment in energy resources.However,due to many such internal and external problems as insufficient refining capacity and equipment,lack of management and rampant corruption,prominent political differences between countries,frequent policy changes,and competition among major powers over key minerals,the development of the energy industry and the realization of resource advantages in Latin America will still face many uncertainties.

关 键 词：拉丁美洲 能源 矿产资源 地缘政治 资源民族主义 清洁能源 低碳转型 

分 类 号：F43[经济管理—产业经济] F47