极右翼政党的“建制化”困境——以德国选择党为例  

The Dilemma of Far-Right Parties'"Institutionalization"?--Taking the Alternative for Germany as an Example

作　　者：马嘉鸿 Ma Jiahong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院、区域国别研究院

出　　处：《文化纵横》2024年第5期35-43,共9页

摘　　要：在不久前刚落下惟幕的新一届欧洲议会选举中,“欧洲保守派与改革派”(ECR)和“身份与民主”(ID)这两个被称作极右翼的党团相较于以往有了显著增长,分别开创了历史上的最好成绩。目前,在欧盟的27个国家里,极右翼政党已经在包括意大利、芬兰、捷克、斯洛伐克、匈牙利和克罗地亚等国家以参与执政党联盟的方式,进入全国政府,发挥重要作用。此外,在瑞典,极右翼瑞典民主党已经成为议会的第二大党;在荷兰,维尔德斯(Geert Wilders)领导的极右翼政党荷兰自由党(PWV)也成为下议院第一大党;而在德国,德国选择党(AfD)在此次欧洲议会选举中取得了德国各党中总得票率第二的成绩,甚至高于当前的执政党社会民主党。可以说,极右翼政党已经活跃在欧盟半数以上国家的政治前台了。The far-right political parties in Europe have evolved into a significant political force."Populism"is often used to describe this phenomenon,while"non-establishment party"addresses difficulties in defining political extremes and clarifies populism's ambiguities.This concept also concerns the institutionalization issue of such parties.AfD's political program promotes a series of values that fundamentally challenged the prevailing consensus among Germany's establishment parties.However,the notable electoral successes achieved by the AfD to some extent indicate a potential for re-institutionalization,which exactly justified it a typical"non-establishment party"The political future of the party needs to be carefully evaluated in terms of its own policy flexibility the possibility of forming a government,and its compatibility with the political direction of Germany's development.

关 键 词：德国选择党 非建制政党 极右翼 

分 类 号：D751.6[政治法律—政治学]