独立后印度经济发展的演进及特征分析  

The Evolution and Characteristic Analysis of Economic Development of India After Independence

作　　者：张晓旭 梁泽恒 汪寿阳[1,3] ZHANG Xiaoxu;LIANG Zeheng;WANG Shouyang

机构地区：[1]中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院 [2]沈阳师范大学管理学院 [3]发展中国家科学院

出　　处：《国际经贸探索》2024年第9期89-104,共16页International Economics and Trade Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委基础科学中心项目(71988101);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20232916)。

摘　　要：全球经济正面临多重逆境,包括经济全球化逆流、地缘冲突升级、欧美通货膨胀居高不下和极端天气等因素。在此背景下,印度凭借庞大的人口数量、年轻的人口结构以及国外资本的大量投资,展现出独特的经济活力,正崛起为全球经济的新引擎,围绕印度经济的乐观情绪也不断升温。文章首先回顾独立后印度经济的发展历程以及各阶段的特征,并探讨了印度是如何发展出其独有的产业升级路径;然后,分析了印度经济发展历程中遇到的国家治理问题与应对措施;最后,从多维视角探讨了印度经济中长期发展的优势以及面临的挑战,以期为中国政府制定战略提供理论依据,为其他发展中国家的发展提供借鉴。The global economy is facing multiple adversities,including the counter tide of economic globalization,the escalating geopolitical conflicts,the high inflation in Europe and the United States and the extreme weather.In this context,India,with its large population,young demographic structure and significant foreign capital investment,has shown unique economic vitality and is emerging as a new engine of the global economy.The optimism surrounding the Indian economy is also constantly heating up.Firstly,this paper reviews the development process of the Indian economy after independence and the characteristics of each stage,and discusses how India developed its unique industrial upgrading path.Secondly,the paper analyzes the national governance issues and corresponding measures in the economic development process of India.Finally,the paper explores the advantages and challenges of the medium-term and long-term economic development of India from a multi-dimensional perspective so as to provide a theoretical basis for the Chinese government to formulate strategies and provide reference for the development of other developing countries.

关 键 词：印度经济 产业变迁 全球价值链 经济特征 印度制造 

分 类 号：F11-0[经济管理—国际贸易] F753[经济管理—世界经济] F757