论行政机关处理个人信息致损的赔偿责任  

On the Liability for the Harm Caused by the Mishandling of Personal Information by Administrative Bodies

作　　者：朱晓峰[1] Zhu Xiaofeng

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第5期33-46,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：行政机关及其工作人员处理个人信息致损的赔偿问题,究竟是依据《国家赔偿法》处理,还是依据《个人信息保护法》第33条由该法调整,学理上与实务中因存在国家赔偿责任说与民事赔偿责任说的分歧而有不同观点。对此,应在厘清《个人信息保护法》的基本属性,尤其是其与《国家赔偿法》在国家机关处理个人信息致损赔偿问题关系的基础上,以相应致损行为是否与行政机关及其工作人员行使职权相关,而将于此情形下的损害赔偿责任区分为国家赔偿责任与民事赔偿责任,从而使前者适用《国家赔偿法》,后者适用《个人信息保护法》以及《民法典》调整,避免一元损害赔偿规范基础论对现行损害赔偿规范体系的不当理解引发的法律适用混乱。对于这种二元损害赔偿规范体系中存在的国家赔偿责任与民事赔偿责任在责任成立与责任承担上的区分与问题,应在现行法秩序内外在体系融贯的视角下解决,更好地协调现行损害赔偿规范体系。There is a debate surrounding whether compensation for harm caused by government entities and their personnel in handling personal information should fall under the State Compensation Law or Article 33 of the Personal Information Protection Law.The divergence between state liability and civil liability in theory and practice has led to differing opinions on this issue.To address this,it is crucial to clarify the fundamental characteristics of the Personal Information Protection Law and its relationship with the State Compensation Law concerning compensation for the harm caused by the mishandling of personal information by government entities.The determination of liability in such cases should be based on whether the damaging acts are linked to the exercise of authority by the government entities and their personnel.If so,it falls under state liability and is governed by State Compensation Law.Otherwise,it is considered civil liability and is regulated by the Personal Information Protection Law and the Civil Code.Resolving the distinction between state liability and civil liability in terms of accountability and responsibility is essential for ensuring the coherence of the legal framework and promoting consistency within the existing system of harm compensation.

关 键 词：行政机关及其工作人员 个人信息 国家赔偿 民事赔偿 行使职权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]