Effects of the conversion of natural tropical rainforest to monoculture rubber plantations on soil hydrological processes  

热带次生林转化为单一橡胶林对土壤水文过程的影响

作　　者：Qiaoyan Chen Ruiyu Fu Siyuan Cheng Dong Qiao Zhongmin Hu Zijia Zhang Licong Dai 

机构地区：[1]Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,School of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China [2]Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China [3]Hainan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Haikou 570100,China

出　　处：《Journal of Plant Ecology》2024年第2期122-133,共12页植物生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Hainan Province South China Sea New Star Science and Technology Innovation Talent Platform Project(NHXXRCXM202303);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42207524);Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(422QN264 and 423MS117);Key R&D Program of Hainan(ZDYF2022SHFZ042);start-up funding from Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)-22085).

摘　　要：Rubber plantations have increased signifcantly under unprecedented economic growth in tropical areas,which leads to soil degradation and thereby alters soil hydrological processes.However,our understanding of how forest conversion affects soil hydrological processes remains unclear.Here,we collected soil samples from secondary forests(SF)and rubber plantations(RP)to determine the soil hydrological characteristics.We found the topsoil(0-20 cm)water retention in SF was higher than that of RP but displayed the contrast pattern in a deeper soil layer(20-60 cm).Meanwhile,the soil infltration rates among the two vegetation types decreased signifcantly with infltration time,with higher stable soil infltration rates in SF than those in RP.Moreover,soil properties were also impacted by the forest conversion,such as the topsoil capillary porosity(CP)and total porosity(TP)in SF were higher than those of RP but contrasted in a deep soil layer.In comparison,the topsoil bulk density(BD)in SF was lower than that of RP,but contrasted in the deep soil layer and reached a signifcant level in the 0-10 and 40-50 cm(P<0.05).Overall,the soil water retention was mainly determined by the CP,which could explain 31.56%of the total variance in soil water retention,followed by TP(26.57%)and soil BD(26.47%),whereas soil texture exerts a weak effect on soil water retention.Therefore,we can conclude that the conversion of tropical rainforest into rubber plantations may accelerate soil erosion owing to its lower topsoil water retention and soil infltration rates.全球经济快速增长背景下,热带地区橡胶种植面积大幅增加,导致土壤质量退化,从而改变了土壤水文过程。然而,目前关于天然热带雨林转化为橡胶林对土壤持水特性和土壤水分入渗过程的影响仍不清楚。基于此,本文以海南热带次生林和橡胶林为研究对象,通过测定两种林分土壤理化属性和水文特性,旨在探究热带次生林转化为橡胶林对土壤水文过程影响及其调控机制。研究结果表明,热带次生林表层土壤(0-20 cm)的持水能力高于橡胶林,但深层土壤(20-60 cm)的持水能力低于橡胶林。其次,两种林分土壤入渗速率均随入渗时间的延长而显著降低,且热带次生林土壤稳定入渗率高于橡胶林。此外,天然次生林转化为橡胶林改变了土壤理化属性,热带次生林表层土壤(0-20 cm)毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度高于橡胶林,而热带次生林表层土壤容重低于橡胶林,在深层土壤中则相反。总体而言,两种林分土壤持水能力主要受土壤毛管孔隙度影响,可以解释土壤持水能力总变异的31.56%,其次是土壤总孔隙度(26.57%)和土壤容重(26.47%),而土壤机械组成对土壤持水能力的影响较弱。上述研究结果表明,热带次生林转化为橡胶种植园会降低表层土壤持水能力和土壤入渗速率,更容易遭受土壤侵蚀。

关 键 词：soil water retention soil infltration soil physicochemical properties rubber plantations secondary forest 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]