民间金融地理聚集与银行信贷风险缓释——来自机构地理分布数据的微观证据  

Private Financial Geography Clustering and Bank Credit Risk Mitigation:Micro-Evidence from Institutional Geographic Distribution Data

作　　者：苏帆 许超 Su Fan;Xu Chao

机构地区：[1]湖北经济学院金融学院

出　　处：《金融经济学研究》2024年第5期83-97,共15页Financial Economics Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72003059)。

摘　　要：基于银行网点分布数据和民间金融机构的工商注册登记数据,构建地理结构层面的民间金融发展指标体系,并以此研究民间金融机构围绕银行的聚集分布会如何影响银行信贷风险。研究发现,民间金融机构的地理聚集能够缓释银行信贷风险,即银行周围分布的民间金融机构数量越多、资本规模越大,银行信贷风险会越小;银行信贷风险缓释的有效性依赖于银行贷款结构和地理距离,银行贷款业务中更多的小微贷款占比、民间金融机构和银行之间更近的地理距离能够疏通民间金融对银行信贷风险的影响路径。异质性检验结果表明,当银行竞争力较弱且金融监管更严格时,民间金融能发挥更有效的风险缓释作用。基于此,应加大对民间金融的政策支持,鼓励民间金融与银行共生发展;制定监管条例以严格约束民间金融的业务边界;建立民间金融机构的信息披露制度。Based on data concerning the distribution of bank branches and the business registration records of private financial institutions,this study constructed an index system for the development of private finance at the geographical structure level.It then explored how the clustered distribution of private financial institutions around banks influences bank credit risk.The findings indicate that the geographical clustering of private financial institutions alleviates bank credit risk;in particular,the greater the number and capital scale of private financial institutions surrounding a bank,the lower the credit risk for that bank.The effectiveness of this risk mitigation is contingent on the loan structure of the bank and its geographical proximity to these private institutions.A higher proportion of small and micro loans in a bank’s loan portfolio and closer geographical proximity between private financial institutions and banks facilitate the channel through which private finance impacts bank credit risk.Heterogeneity analysis shows that private finance plays a more effective role in mitigating risk when banks are less competitive and when financial regulation is stricter.Based on these insights,it is recommended to enhance policy support for private finance and encourage symbiotic development with banks,to enact regulatory statutes that strictly define the business boundaries of private finance,and to establish a system for the disclosure of information by private financial institutions.

关 键 词：民间金融 银行信贷风险 地理聚集 金融地理结构 

分 类 号：F830[经济管理—金融学]