战后日本政教分离原则的确立与嬗变——以司法领域的若干判例为视角  

The Establishment and Evolution of the Principle of Separation of Church and State in Postwar Japan:A Perspective on Some Jurisprudence in the Field of Justice

作　　者：秦莲星 Qin Lianxing

机构地区：[1]山西大学马克思主义学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2024年第3期33-41,158,159,共11页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多维视角下的日本现代化专题研究”(编号:22JJD770040)。

摘　　要：近代日本将绝对主义政权与神道相结合,打造出旨在维护天皇制与统一国民思想的国家神道。在国家神道体制下,国民个人的信教自由遭到破坏,宗教团体也受到打压。战败后,在盟军的民主化改革中,“神道指令”与《日本国宪法》相继规定严格的政教分离原则,以确保日本国家的非宗教性乃至对宗教的中立立场。然而,在战后日本的司法实践中,受社会习俗、历史认识、政治走向等影响,政教分离原则不断被重新解释。这种对宪法中政教分离原则的突破,为国家政权与宗教的再度结合提供了依据与便利,同时也加剧了日本政治乃至社会的右倾化趋势。Modern Japan combined absolutist regime with shinto to build the State Shinto,which aimed at maintaining the imperial system and unifying the national thought.Under the State Shinto system,individual citizens'freedom of worship was destroyed and religious groups were suppressed.After the defeat,in the democratic reform of the Allied forces,the shinto directive and the Japanese constitution successively stipulated the strict principle of separation of church and state to ensure the non-religious and even neutral stance of the Japanese state towards religion.However,in the judicial practice of Japan after the war,the principle of separation of church and state has been constantly reinterpreted under the influence of social custom,historical understanding and political trend.This breakthrough of the principle of separation of church and state in the constitution provided the basis and convenience for the recombination of state power and religion,and also intensified the rightward trend of Japanese politics and even society.

关 键 词：政教分离 国家神道 信教自由 判例 日本右倾化 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学] D931.3[政治法律—中外政治制度] K313.5[历史地理—历史学]