规模农户对小农户施药行为的溢出效应及路径研究  

A Study on the Spillover Effect and Path of Large-scale Farmers on Small-scale Farmers’Drug Application Behavior

作　　者：李成龙 周宏[2] 吕新业[3] 李雪 LI Chenglong;ZHOU Hong;LV Xinye;LI Xue

机构地区：[1]常州大学吴敬琏经济学院,常州213159 [2]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095 [3]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2024年第9期22-36,共15页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“农业绿色发展背景下水稻规模户‘双减’行为及干预策略研究:基于纵向协作视角”(编号:72273141);国家自然科学基金面上项目“独木不成林:现代农业中小农经营规模变动的区域性外部经济研究”(编号:72073066);国家自然科学基金项目“共同富裕目标下数字乡村建设纾解农户相对贫困:机制、效果评价与实践探索”(编号:72273065);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(编号:16100520240014)。

摘　　要：中国农业高质量建设既面临良好的政策环境和市场空间等发展机遇,同时也面临资源环境的约束以及小农生产格局的制约。农户经营规模分化格局下,规模农户的发展对周围小农户的技术和服务获取产生何种影响,是“排挤”还是“协同”?在小农户绿色化转型过程中,如何破解其技术获取困境?本文使用江苏省水稻产业体系的调研数据,以病虫害防治环节为例,基于外部性视角分析了规模农户发展对小农户农药施用的影响,并从服务溢出、技术溢出和生物溢出三个角度对其作用机制进行了探究。研究发现,村庄内规模农户数量占比的增加可以有效降低周围小农户农药施用成本,稳健性检验结果仍然支持该结论。机制分析发现,村庄内规模农户的发展通过促进周围小农户病虫害防治服务外包、提升其绿色防控技术采纳水平和施药的规范化、缓解其病虫害严重程度进而显著降低其农药施用成本。研究认为规模农户在小农户农技服务获取中具有协同效应,研究结果不仅深化了对规模农户在农业技术推广中外部效应的理解,也为构建更加高效的农业服务体系,促进小农户现代化转型,实现农业高质量发展提供了有力的实证支持和策略启示。The high-quality construction of agriculture in China faces development opportuni⁃ties such as a favorable policy environment and market space,as well as constraints from resource environment and small-scale agricultural production patterns.What impact does the development of large-scale farmers have on the technology and service acquisition of surrounding small-scale farmers under the pattern of differentiation in their business scale?Is it“exclusion”or“synergy”?How to solve the technology acquisition dilemma of small-scale farmers in the process of green transformation?Using research data from the rice industry system of Jiangsu Province,taking the pest and disease control process as an example,this paper analyzes the impact of the development of large-scale farmers on the use of pesticides by small-scale farmers from an exter⁃nality perspective,and explores their mechanisms from three perspectives:service spillover,tech⁃nology spillover,and biological spillover.Research has found that an increase in the proportion of large-scale farmers in a village can effectively reduce the cost of pesticide use for surrounding small-scale farmers,and the results of robustness tests still support this conclusion.Mechanism a⁃nalysis finds that the development of large-scale farmers in villages significantly reduces the cost of pesticide use by promoting the outsourcing of disease and pest control services for surrounding small-scale farmers,improving their level of green prevention and control technology adoption and standardization of pesticide application,and alleviating the severity of their diseases and pests.The study suggests that large-scale farmers have a synergistic effect in the acquisition of agricultural technology services of small-scale farmers.The research results not only deepen the understand⁃ing of the external effects of large-scale farmers in agricultural technology promotion,but also pro⁃vide strong empirical support and strategic inspiration for building a more efficient agricultural

关 键 词：规模农户 溢出效应 病虫害防治 小农户 高质量发展 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]