地块特征差异视角下农业生产规模对化肥使用影响——基于河南省637个小麦种植户调查数据  

Effects of Agricultural Production Scale on Fertilizer Use from the Perspective of Plot Characteristic Differentiation:Based on the Survey Data of 637 Wheat Farmers in Henan Province

作　　者：吴银毫 徐珂怡 刘瑞峰[1] 马恒运[1] WU Yinhao;XU Keyi;LIU Ruifeng;MA Hengyun

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学经济与管理学院,郑州450046 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2024年第9期37-48,共12页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(编号:22BJY193);国家社会科学基金一般项目(编号:14BGL093);河南省哲学社会科学基金青年项目(编号:2021CJJ140);中国博士后科学基金项目(编号:2022M711057);教育部人文社会科学专项任务项目(编号:18JF206)。

摘　　要：深入探讨如何将农业全面绿色转型与农业规模适度生产有机融合,更好地发挥政策的整体协同效应,具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文基于地块特征差异视角,解构农业生产规模对农户施肥强度的影响机制:即生产规模的规模经济效应叠加地块特征的调节效应;并基于河南省637家小麦种植户调研数据,采用可处理变量内生性的扩展回归模型进行实证检验。结果表明:(1)小麦生产规模与化肥施用强度之间呈现显著的“N”型关系;(2)小麦生产规模扩大的化肥减量绩效受到地块特征的调节。其中,地块连片集中度越高,“减肥”绩效越明显,麦农在自有农地与租入农地上的施肥强度不存在显著差异,未发现施肥“地块歧视”;(3)农户受教育年限越长、接受过农业技术培训等,明显有助于化肥减量。本文最后提出:完善农地流转制度,推进农业规模经营,大力发展农业机械化;引导农地集中连片流转,加强农田细碎化整治;强化农业职业技能培训,提高农业劳动者素质。It is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore how to organically in⁃tegrate the comprehensive green transformation of agriculture with the moderate scale production of agriculture and better play the overall synergy effect of policies.From the perspective of plot char⁃acteristic differentiation,this paper deconstructs the influence mechanism of agricultural production scale on farmers’fertilization intensity:the scale economy effect of production scale su⁃perimposed on the regulation effect of land plot characteristics.Based on the survey data of 637 wheat farmers in Henan Province,the extended regression model that can handle the endogenous⁃ness of variables is used for empirical testing.The results show that:(1)There is a significant N-type relationship between the scale of wheat production and the intensity of fertilizer applica⁃tion.(2)The fertilizer reduction performance of wheat production scale expansion will be regulated by plot characteristics.The higher the contiguous concentration of plots are,the more obvious the weight loss performance is.There is no significant difference in the intensity of fertilization between the owned farmland and the leased farmland,and no“plot discrimination”is found.(3)The longer the years of education of farmers are and the more the training of agricultural technology,the significant the reduction of fertilizer is.Finally,the paper proposes to improve the system of ag⁃ricultural land transfer,to promote the moderate scale of agricultural production and fertilizer re⁃duction.We will guide the centralized and continuous transfer of farmland and strengthen the con⁃solidation and construction of farmland fragmentation,strengthen agricultural vocational skills training,and improve the quality of agricultural workers.

关 键 词：农业生产规模 地块特征 化肥使用强度 扩展回归模型 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] F326.11[农业科学—农业基础科学]