美国对俄大战略何以延续?——一个国内政治视角的分析  

How Can America's Grand Strategy Toward Russia Continue? An Analysis from a Domestic Political Perspective

作　　者：徐博[1,2] 丁慧文[3] Xu Bo;Ding Huiwen(Northeast Asian Research Center and Institute of International Politics of Northeast Asian Studies College,Jilin University;Russian Institute,Jilin University;Northeast Asian Studies College of Jilin University)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心、东北亚研究院国际政治研究所 [2]吉林大学俄罗斯研究所 [3]吉林大学东北亚学院-东北亚研究院

出　　处：《当代韩国》2024年第3期18-36,共19页Contemporary Korea

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“当代俄罗斯地缘政治思想演变及其对‘东转战略’的影响研究”(项目批准号:23BGJ049)研究成果。

摘　　要：美国和俄罗斯是国际体系中具有重要影响力的大国,两国关系的走向对国际秩序的稳定具有重要影响。由于双方在综合国力上的不对称性,美国对俄战略主导了美俄关系的基本走向。进入21世纪以来,美国对俄战略出现了消极的延续性,具体体现为在历任美国总统执政初期,美国对俄战略往往强调对俄合作,而执政后期则多走向遏制。本文基于国内政治视角,提出美国的战略文化、精英意象、政治结构是其对俄战略得以延续的关键原因。在国家层次上,追求领导地位的战略文化塑造了美国的身份认知,加剧了美国与俄罗斯的地区主导权竞争;在决策者层次,追求自由霸权,建立自由主义国际秩序的精英意象影响了美国对俄战略决策过程中的议题设置偏好,同盟议题与意识形态议题成为美国对俄战略中的重点议题;在政党层次,政治极化成为21世纪美国政治结构中最为显著的特点,其影响了美国对俄战略决策过程中的决策特点,使得美国对俄战略工具化,同时政治极化强化了总统的党派身份,导致美国对俄战略实施手段的摇摆性,限制了总统改善美俄关系的能力与意愿。在战略文化、精英意象、政治结构的共同影响下,美国对俄大战略持续呈现出保守化的特点,这是今天美俄关系走向对立的重要原因。The United States and Russia are major powers with significant influence in the international system, and the direction of relations between the two countries has an important impact on the stability of the international order. Due to the asymmetry between the U.S. and Russia in terms of comprehensive national power, the American strategy toward Russia has dominated the basic direction of US-Russian relations.Since the 21st century, American strategy toward Russia has seen a negative continuity, which is specifically reflected in the fact that American strategy toward Russia in the early period of the new presidents has tended to emphasize cooperation with Russia, and in the later period of the administrations it is moving toward containment. Based on the domestic political perspective, this paper proposes that the strategic culture, elite imagery, and political structure of the U.S. are the key reasons for the continuity of its strategy toward Russia. At the national level, the strategic culture of pursuing leadership has shaped American identity perceptions and intensified the competition between the U.S. and Russia for regional dominance;at the level of policymakers, the elite imagery of pursuing liberal hegemony and establishing a liberal international order influences American issue-setting preferences in the decision-making process toward Russia, and alliance issues and ideological issues have become the focus of American strategy toward Russia;at the party level, political polarization has become the most significant feature of the American political structure in the 21st century, which affects the decision-making characteristics of American strategic decision-making process towards Russia, making American strategy towards Russia instrumentalized, and at the same time, it strengthens the president's partisan identity, which leads to the wavering nature of American strategic means of implementing American strategy towards Russia, and restricts the president's ability and willingness to improve US-Russian re

关 键 词：美俄关系 战略决策 战略文化 精英意象 政治结构 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D851.2[政治法律—外交学]