韩国与日本落实碳中和战略的对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Carbon Neutrality Strategies in ROK and Japan

作　　者：董亮[1] 陈昊宁 Dong Liang;Chen Haoning(Research Center for Environmental Diplomacy,China Foreign Affairs University)

机构地区：[1]外交学院环境外交研究中心

出　　处：《当代韩国》2024年第3期55-72,共18页Contemporary Korea

基　　金：外交学院自设项目“碳中和背景下中国参与全球气候治理研究”(项目编号:JY2023027)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在《第九次中日韩领导人会议联合宣言》中,三国提出将致力于推动碳中和与能源转型,表明了共同的政治意愿。尽管韩国和日本都是东亚地区的重要经济体,但两国在落实碳中和战略的过程中却表现出不同特点。虽然日本中央政府对地方和私营部门的强制性政策推行能力相对有限,但其通过政策宣示引领,配套立法跟进,市场手段激励以及地方政府的配合,形成了比较完善的多层治理架构。而韩国的减排几乎涵盖了所有经济领域且气候立法不断深入,不仅展示了韩国推动低碳转型的决心,也反映了应对气候变化的政策优先级。当然,韩国和日本的低碳转型治理架构中都存在着一些结构性不确定性和矛盾,例如政策的持续性、清洁能源的部署、企业的转型及民间组织的配合等问题。未来,如何处理好中央与地方政府、政府与企业,以及政府与社会之间的关系是影响两国深入落实碳中和战略的关键。In the Joint Declaration of the Ninth ROK-Japan-China Trilateral Summit, the three countries expressed a collective political will to promote carbon neutrality and energy transformation. Although ROK and Japan are both pivotal economies within the East Asia region, their approaches for implementing carbon neutrality strategies markedly differ. Japan's central government, although constrained in its ability to impose coercive policies on local governments and private sectors, leads through policy design, legislative support, market-driven incentives, and local government cooperation, forming a relatively comprehensive multi-level governance structure. On the other hand, ROK's emission reductions cover nearly all economic sectors with continuously deepening climate legislation, not only showing the country's determination to pursue a low-carbon transition but also reflecting the policy priority in addressing climate change. Of course, the low-carbon transition governance frameworks of ROK and Japan both face structural uncertainties and problems, such as the continuity of policies, deployment of clean energy, business sectors' transition, and collaboration with civil organizations. In the future, managing the relationships between central and local governments, between government and business sectors, and between government and society will be crucial for the deep implementation of carbon neutrality strategies.

关 键 词：韩日比较 碳中和 全球气候治理 多层治理 低碳转型 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] D831.26[政治法律—政治学] D831.3[政治法律—外交学]