美国芯片补贴“护栏条款”对中国的影响及应对建议  

Implications of guardrail clauses in U.S.CHIPS and Science Act and suggestions for responsive strategies

作　　者：丁如 DING Ru(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第17期28-40,共13页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(21CFX050)。

摘　　要：美国《芯片与科学法案》的“护栏条款”是美国芯片产业发展战略的重要一环,其主要目的是限制拥有领先芯片技术的企业在中国投资、扩产或提供技术授权,同时限制美国掌握先进技术的研究机构与中国科研机构进行合作;已实施的芯片基金追回机制的相关细则进一步明确了“护栏条款”下追回机制的适用范围、例外情形和惩戒措施。梳理了“护栏条款”的三重护栏机制,包括对申请主体的限制、对申请企业在中国进行扩产的限制以及对企业与中国主体合作研究的限制,分析了“护栏条款”对芯片产业发展、技术创新的影响,并立足中国芯片产业发展目标,提出了中国在国内法规完善以及国际规则运用和构建方面应对“护栏条款”的建议。The"guardrail provisions"of the United States'CHIPS and Science Act are an important part of the U.S.semiconductor industry's development strategy.The primary purpose was to limit companies with leading-edge semiconductor technology from investing,expanding production,or providing technological licensing in China,as well as restricting U.S.institutions with advanced technology from cooperating with China's counterparts.The detailed regulations of the recently implemented CHIPS fund further clarified the scope of application,exceptions,and punitive measures under the"guardrail provisions".This article introduces the mechanisms of the"guardrail provisions",analyzes the impact of the"guardrail provisions"on the development of semiconductor industry and technological innovation.This article also proposes suggestions for China to respond to the blockade of the"guardrail provisions"from both domestic regulation and international rule perspectives.

关 键 词：美国芯片补贴 护栏条款 扩产追回 技术追回 补贴规则 

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