当代西方学界关于“封建革命”论的争论与反思  

Debates and Reflections on the Theory of the‘Feudal Revolution'in the Contemporary Western Academia

作　　者：王骞禹 Wang Qianyu

机构地区：[1]比利时根特大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第4期96-111,166,共17页World History

摘　　要：220世纪90年代以来,西方学界就中世纪中期西欧社会秩序的演变展开激烈讨论,讨论大致可分为三个阶段。第一阶段是20世纪90年代到20世纪末。争论的焦点是“封建革命”论是否成立,即在公元1000年前后,欧洲的社会秩序是否经历了断裂性变化。“反变革”派获得更多支持,但“变革”派指出变化确实存在,即使“封建革命”论不成立,也必须找到替代的解释方式。第二阶段是21世纪初到2013年。两派学者观点趋于一致,都认为存在一个社会秩序的变化阶段。一些学者通过区域研究回应关于“封建革命”论的争论。学界并未找到令人信服的替代解释方式,对于中世纪中期西欧社会秩序的探索面临困境。第三阶段是2013年至今。以查尔斯·韦斯特和克里斯·威克姆为代表的学者以“地方权力规范化”视角来解释从加洛林时期到12世纪西欧社会秩序的演变,为研究这一问题提供了具有指导意义的新视角。Since the 1990s,the Western academia has engaged in a fierce debate concerning the evolution of the social order in medieval Western Europe,which can be divided into three key stages.The first stage,spanning from the 1990s to the late 20^(th)century,focused on the validity of the theory of the‘feudal revolution'.This theory posited a significant rupture in the social order around 1000 A.D.Although the‘anti-transformation'faction,which denied such a rupture,gained more traction,proponents of the‘transformation'perspective maintained that changes did occur,necessitating alternative explanation even if the'feudal revolution'was deemed invalid.The second stage,from the early 21"'century until 2013,saw scholars from both factions converge on the notion of a transitional phase in the social order.Some researchers approached the debate on the theory of the‘feudal revolution'through detailed regional studies.However,no compelling alternative explanations emerged,leading to a scholarly impasse regarding the nature of medieval social order in Western Europe.The third stage,from 2013 to the present,features contributes from scholars like Charles West and Chris Wickham,who have introduced insightful new perspectives on the evolution of the social order in medieval Western Europe.They emphasise the‘formalisation of local power'from the Carolingian period to the 12^(th)century,offering fresh approaches of understanding this complex historical transformation.

关 键 词：中世纪西欧 封建革命论 封建社会 地方权力规范化 社会秩序 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]