国际贸易背景下佛罗伦萨的家族兴替与城市空间的变迁  

The Transition of the Renewal of Families and Urban Space in Florence in the Context of the International Trade

作　　者：朱明[1] Zhu Ming

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第4期112-124,166,167,共15页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项项目“印度洋史史料整理与研究”(23VLS029);国家社科基项目“意大利海外商人与地中海—印度洋商路研究(14-16世纪)”(项目编号:21BSS052)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在新航路开辟之前的14、15世纪,国际经济和政治格局就已发生了剧烈的变动,亚欧大陆东西方之间的联系和交往大大增强,深刻影响到沿线的区域和城市,意大利内陆腹地的托斯卡纳地区和佛罗伦萨城市就位列其中,并得到迅速发展。由于地中海与印度洋之间的海上商路得到加强,这一时期出现了国际贸易由陆路向海路的转移,也催生了一大批成功的商业家族。这批因国际贸易而发展起来的新兴家族推动了佛罗伦萨的崛起,他们一方面积极参与政治,推动意大利城邦共和制度向家族主导的政治模式转型,另一方面则借助城市空间的改造凸显身份,与旧式家族拉开差距,亦与平民阶层展开竞争,通过在城市中建造宅邸、赞助文化、控制街区,提升了家族在城市中的地位。这些举措不仅强化了家族在城市中的政治权力,使佛罗伦萨的共和体制更加趋向精英化,也重塑了城市的空间结构,促进了佛罗伦萨艺术的发展,从而刺激了意大利文艺复兴的兴起。In the 14^(th)and 15^(th)centuries which were before the opening of new maritime route,the international economic and political pattern had undergone drastic changes,and connections and exchanges greatly enhanced between the East and the West of the Eurasian world,which profoundly affected the regions and cities along the route,including the Tuscany region and Florence in the hinterland of Italy,and promoted their rapid development.The strengthening of maritime trade routes between the Eastern Mediterranean and the India Ocean led to a shift in the international trade from land to sea and the emergence of a large number of successful business families.This new group of families which developed through the international trade accelerated the rise of Florence,actively participating in the politics and promoting the transformation from the city-state republic to the familyled politics.Furthermore,by using the transformation of the urban space to highlight their identities,they differentiated themselves from the old families and competed with the common class.More specifically,they enhanced the family status in Florence through building palazzo in the city,patronising culture and controlling neighbourhoods.Those measures not only strengthened the political power of the families in the city,which made the Florentine republican system more elitist,but also reshaped the spatial structure of the city and promoted the development of art,which stimulated the rise of the Renaissance in Italy.

关 键 词：佛罗伦萨 文艺复兴 城市国家 新兴商业家族 城市空间 

分 类 号：K503[历史地理—历史学]