路易十四对世俗贵卿职能的调整及其影响  

The Function Adjustment of the Pairs Laïques of France and Its Corresponding Influence under the Reign of Louis ⅩⅣ

作　　者：马继红 Ma Jihong

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系 [2]索邦大学罗兰·穆尼埃中心

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第4期140-155,168,共17页World History

基　　金：国家公派留学基金(202306380134);法国驻华大使馆“人文与社会科学基金(2022)”资助。

摘　　要：16-18世纪是法国从司法君主制向行政君主制转变的重要时期。近代早期的法国世俗贵卿由中世纪贵卿演化而来。在司法君主制下,贵卿承担了重要的军事与国家治理职能。在行政体制建设初期,贵卿也参与其中并发挥积极作用。17世纪初,行政君主制的进一步发展同贵卿的天赋参政权矛盾日显。出身显赫的贵卿所掌控的强大社会势力使这一矛盾越发尖锐。路易十四认识到贵卿参政的弊病,尝试以压制与安抚相结合的手段来剥夺贵卿参政权,将贵卿职能局限于军事领域。路易十四的贵卿政策取得了一定成效,但也遭到了贵卿群体的反对。路易十四对贵卿职能的调整进一步推动了法国行政君主制的发展。但是,路易十四的贵卿政策一方面暴露出该时期法国行政体制发展的有限性,另一方面导致路易十四未能真正解决体制变革背景下王权与贵卿的矛盾。王权与贵卿的这种不稳定关系,是导致法国大革命爆发与激进化的一个不可忽视的因素。From the 16^(th)to the 18^(th)century,France experienced a significant transformation from the‘judicial monarchy'to the‘administrative monarchy'.The early modern Pairs Laiques of France evolved from the medieval pairs laique.Under the judicial monarchy,the pairs laique assumed important military and state governance functions.In the early stage of the administrative system construction,the pairs laique was also involved and played an active role.At the beginning of the 17th century,the further development of the administrative monarchy was increasingly in conflict with the politique right by birth of the pairs laique.This conflict was sharpened by the strong social forces held by the distinguished pairs laique.King Louis XIV,who was aware of the shortcomings of the pairs participation in the politics,tried to deprive them of their power and restrict their function to the military sphere.His policy of the pairs laique achieved some effects,but it was opposed by the pairs laique.His adjustment of the functions of the pairs laique gave further impetus to the development of the French administrative monarchy.However,Louis XIV's policies exposed the limited development of the French administrative system during that period.Furthermore,he failed to truly solve the contradiction between the kingship and the pairs laique against the background of the institutional reform.This unstable relationship between the royal power and the pairs laique was an important factor,which cannot be ignored,resulting in the outbreak and radicalisation of the French Revolution.

关 键 词：路易十四 绝对王权 世俗贵卿 行政君主制 法国大革命 

分 类 号：K15[历史地理—历史学]