革命回忆录的史料价值及其鉴别利用  

The Historiographical Values of Revolutionary Memoirs and Methods of Identification

作　　者：游海华 You Haihua

机构地区：[1]南京大学马克思主义学院暨中共党史党建研究院,210023

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2024年第5期100-109,159,共11页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金抗日战争研究专项工程项目“中国共产党领导的敌后抗战”(项目编号:16KZD011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为历史记忆重要文本的革命回忆录,其史料价值、鉴别和利用值得探讨。以华南抗日根据地史书写为例,尤其是书写南路和北江西岸抗日根据地史,以及琼崖抗日根据地财政经济史等,革命回忆录是最主要的资料,其史料价值是独有的,甚至是唯一的。由于革命回忆录存在“失真”问题,因此对它的鉴别尤为重要。通常的鉴别规则有:关于记述的时间和准确性,可利用大事记、万年历等综合判定;关于记述的时间(日期)、数字(数量)、地点、人物,以及由上述要素和其他要素组成的历史事件等,应以亲历者的回忆尤其是多数说法、离历史事件时间最近的回忆、提及传统节日和24节气的回忆、得到其他文献印证的回忆为准,兼以回忆者与历史事件的亲密程度、回忆详细程度加以判断。除此以外,研究者还要备齐相关资料和工具书,熟悉宏观和地方历史,熟练运用各种网络工具和史料数据库,依据人性、逻辑和历史情境等,对革命回忆录的内容、行文逻辑、作者的身份及其处境等作多方比较、严密推理和综合判断,去“非”采“是”。这样才能利用好革命回忆录,完成科学的历史书写。Taking the historical writing of Anti-Japanese Base Area in the South China as an example,revolutionary memoirs are the most important sources for information,especially regarding the history of Nanlu and Beijiang West Bank Anti-Japanese Base Areas,as well as the financial and economic history of Qiongya Anti-Japanese Base Area.In some cases,these memoirs are the most important and even the only available sources,making them uniquely valuable in historiography.Admittedly,these memoirs,as a form of"individual memory",suffer from issues related to"historical fidelity".As such,critically identifying these materials becomes particularly important.Several common methods of identification include:to use chronicles of events,perpetual calendars,and other records alike in order to reach a comprehensive judgment to compare and collaborate the accuracy of the timing of accounts;to collaborate historical details such as numbers(quantities),places,persons,and historical events composed of the above-mentioned and other elements with the memories of those who have experienced or witnessed,especially statements most people make,closest recollection to historical events,memories mentioning traditional festivals and 24 solar terms,and memories that are confirmed by other documents;and judgment should also be based on the extent to which the recaller's proximity to the events and the level of detail in their account.In short,when ready with all the relevant materials and reference books,when well acquainted with macro and local history,and when skilled in the use of various network tools and historical databases,one must discard what is"false"and keeping what is"true"in these records.They need to draw multiparty comparisons,conduct rigorous reasoning,and make synthetic judgments on the content of the revolutionary memoirs,the logic of the context,the identity and situation of the author and other aspects,based on human nature,logic,and the historical context.Only in this way can we make full use of the revolutionary memoirs and ac

关 键 词：历史记忆 历史书写 革命回忆录 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]