辽东湾蛤蜊岗四角蛤蜊和光滑河蓝蛤的能量收支及其养殖容量评估  

Energy Budget and Carrying Capacity of the Surf Clam,Mactra veneriformis and the Estuarine Clam,Potamocorbula laevis in Geligang,Liaodong Bay

作　　者：姜娓娓[2] 白永安 袁明军 李伟伟 李昂[2] 朱玲[2] 毛玉泽[2] 蒋增杰[2] JIANG Weiwei;BAI Yongan;YUAN Mingjun;LI Weiwei;LI Ang;ZHU Ling;MAO Yuze;JIANG Zengjie(Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry CO.Ltd.,Panjin 124200,China;State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]盘锦光合蟹业有限公司,大连盘锦124200 [2]海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第6期47-56,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32303035);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021QD035);山东省“泰山学者青年专家计划”(tsqn201909166);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究辽东湾蛤蜊岗四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)和光滑河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)的能量收支及其养殖容量情况,本研究利用便携式颗粒计数器、多通道溶氧仪以及现场流水系统,测定了四角蛤蜊[壳长(35.89±1.61) mm]和光滑河蓝蛤[壳长(17.66±0.66) mm]的摄食、代谢等生理指标,分析了其能量分配策略,并在此基础上,基于有机碳供需平衡模型估算了辽东湾蛤蜊岗2种主要滩涂贝类的养殖容量。结果显示:1)四角蛤蜊和光滑河蓝蛤的滤水率分别为(4.87±0.85) L/(h·g)和(6.46±2.25) L/(h·g),耗氧率分别为(0.94±0.45)mg/(h·g)和(0.22±0.14)mg/(h·g),四角蛤蜊和光滑河蓝蛤的总吸收能分别为748.97~1 333.52 J/(h·g)和931.55~1 647.08 J/(h·g);2)基于有机碳供需平衡模型,结合海域初级生产力及贝类滤水率,估算出辽东湾蛤蜊岗海域1龄(总湿重6.7 g)、2龄(总湿重9.3 g)和3龄(总湿重14.6 g)四角蛤蜊的养殖容量分别为57、47和34 ind./m^(2);1龄(总湿重0.14 g)、2龄(总湿重0.69 g)和3龄(总湿重1.25 g)光滑河蓝蛤的养殖容量分别为346、143和99 ind./m^(2)。四角蛤蜊的平均养殖密度已超出了该海域的养殖容量,而光滑河蓝蛤的养殖密度尚存在一定的空间。研究结果为滩涂贝类资源的合理开发利用以及生物多样性保护提供了基础数据。China is the largest aquaculture country in the world,with mariculture production accounting for more than 50%of the total production in the world.In 2021,the production of shellfish in China increased to 1.546×107 tons,accounting for approximately 70%of the mariculture production.Filter-feeding bivalves such as oysters and clams are the main species of mariculture in China.In addition to the important economic values,filter-feeding bivalves influence ecosystem nutrient cycling through feeding,metabolism,and biodeposition and play roles in increasing the water transparency,preventing harmful algal blooms,controlling eutrophication,and promoting carbon storage.The physiological activities of filter-feeding bivalves,especially ingestion and metabolism,form the link between planktonic and benthic ecosystems,and their physiological indicators are the basic parameters for evaluating the energy budget and carrying capacity.However,although researchers have conducted a series of studies on the physiological activities of filter-feeding bivalves,some limitations in monitoring and the subsequent data processing remain.Therefore,it is urgent to improve the measurement of the physiological activities of filter-feeding bivalves,including the accuracy of data collection and the rigorousness of data processing,to ensure the accuracy of the experimental results.Mudflats are located in the interaction zone between the land and sea and are important areas for the habitat,growth,and reproduction of several macrobenthic organisms.As the dominant species of macrobenthic communities,mudflat-buried shellfish play a crucial role in the material and energy flows of a mudflat ecosystem.However,recently,with the expansion of shellfish aquaculture,the mudflat environment has been deteriorating accompanied by a series of ecological problems,such as high mortality and slow growth rates and alteration in the structure of phytoplankton community,which has led to significant losses to the shellfish aquaculture industry.Therefore,the ability of

关 键 词：蛤蜊岗 四角蛤蜊 光滑河蓝蛤 能量收支 养殖容量 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]