田园型海洋牧场筏式养殖设施附着生物的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系  

The Seasonal Variations in Fouling Organisms and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors on a Raft Culture Facility in Pastoral Marine Ranching

作　　者：杨培奇 唐衍力[1] 于梦杰 梁辉 YANG Peiqi;TANG Yanli;YU Mengjie;LIANG Hui(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第6期57-70,共14页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：山东近海渔业资源调查与监测项目(37000023P11002710002C)资助。

摘　　要：为探究田园型海洋牧场筏式养殖设施附着生物的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系,于2022年7月—2023年4月在山东省乳山华信田园型海洋牧场区开展了4个季度的调查,对筏式养殖设施中浮子、浮绠和吊笼上附着生物的种类、生物量和多样性以及环境因子进行了调查分析。结果显示,4个季度调查共发现附着生物8大类35种,其中,甲壳类(Crustacea)13种、软体动物(Mollusca)8种、多毛类(Polychaeta)4种、脊索动物(Chordate)3种、刺胞动物(Cnidaria)和褐藻门(Phaeophyceae)各2种,红藻门(Rhodophyta)、绿藻门(Chlorophycophyta)和棘皮动物(Echinodermata)各1种;附着生物群落结构存在明显的季节变化;吊笼、浮绠和浮子的附着生物群落结构存在显著差异,生物量变化范围分别为31.48~1645.82、23.22~580.76和5.76~30.12g/m^(2),附着生物量最大值均出现在夏季;附着生物优势种主要为甲壳类和软体动物,紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)为浮绠和吊笼上的常年优势种,爱氏麦秆虫(Caprella aino)为浮子上的常年优势种;冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,透明度、温度、硅酸盐和叶绿素a等是影响附着生物群落结构的主要环境因子。本研究探明了乳山牡蛎筏式养殖设施附着生物的季节变化规律,可为该海域牡蛎健康养殖提供参考依据。Marine ranching is a fishery model that can improve the ecological environment of sea areas,increase and conserve fishery resources,and realize the sustainable utilization of fishery resources.It is widely used worldwide.In Shandong Province,marine ranching is divided into the following types:Reef casting,game fishing,bottom seeding,pastoral,and equipment,based on the production mode.Among them,pastoral marine ranching refers to marine ranching dominated by three-dimensional ecological aspects such as raft culture facilities.Raft culture facilities are a culture framework that must be constructed for the culture of bivalves such as oysters,scallops,and mussels in China’s coastal waters.These facilities include six parts:a wooden pile,pursed rope,float,suspended cage,suspended rope,and floating rope.In the process of bivalve culture,the construction of a raft culture facility provides a good adhesion substrate for other organisms in the ocean,and a large number of fouling organisms will inhabit and survive on the culture facility.The activity of these fouling organisms will soften the raft culture facility and shorten the service life of the raft culture facility.Furthermore,the fouling organisms can plug the mesh,leading to the death of the farmed shellfish due to lack of oxygen,causing economic losses.However,relevant studies have also shown that the presence of fouling organisms can accelerate the rate of nutrient salt exchange between suspended organisms and aquaculture waters,which can promote the growth of phytoplankton,improve primary productivity,provide more bait for bivalve culture,and increase the fertility of bivalve culture,which is beneficial to bivalve culture.There are differences in the relationship between the fouling organisms'species number and biomass and environmental factors across different raft aquaculture areas.Therefore,basic research must be conducted on fouling organisms in raft culture areas to provide reference for healthy bivalve culture and further provide basic data for explorin

关 键 词：田园型海洋牧场 筏式养殖 牡蛎 附着生物 群落结构 环境因子 

分 类 号：S969[农业科学—水产养殖]