凡纳对虾不同品系生长和急性肝胰腺坏死病抗性遗传参数估计  

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Growth and Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Resistance in Different Strains of Penaeus vannamei

作　　者：黄桂仙 李旭鹏[2,3] 田吉腾 栾生[2,3] 孔杰[2,3] 曹宝祥 刘宁[2] 罗坤 谭建[2] 曹家旺[2] 代平[2] 陈宝龙 强光峰 刘绵宇[2] 刘杨[2] 王宏杰[4] 刘学会 隋娟 孟宪红 HUANG Guixian;LI Xupeng;TIAN Jiteng;LUAN Sheng;KONG Jie;CAO Baoxiang;LIU Ning;LUO Kun;TAN Jian;CAO Jiawang;DAI Ping;CHEN Baolong;QIANG Guangfeng;LIU Mianyu;LIU Yang;WANG Hongjie;LIU Xuehui;SUI Juan;MENG Xianhong(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;BLUP Aquabreed Co,Ltd,Weifang 261312,China;Huida Aquaculture Co,Ltd,Tangshan 063299,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]邦普种业科技有限公司,山东潍坊261312 [5]会达水产养殖有限公司,河北唐山063299

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第6期133-143,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32172960);国家虾蟹产业技术体系项目(CARS-48);中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队项目(2020TD26)共同资助。

摘　　要：为开展凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)生长和急性肝胰腺坏死病(acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, AHPND)抗性复合选育,本研究以自主选育的凡纳对虾高抗和快大品系为研究对象进行生长和AHPND抗性测试。实验家系共计70个(高抗家系40个,快大家系30个),实验个体共计1 760尾(高抗个体800尾,快大个体960尾)。2个品系分2批次进行VpAHPND定量口饲感染。批次内实验个体达半数死亡后停止投喂毒饵。利用个体动物模型和父母本阈值模型评估2个品系3个性状(体重、感染VpAHPND后个体存活时间、家系半致死存活率)的遗传力;利用两性状动物模型评估3个性状两两之间的遗传相关。结果显示,高抗系体重遗传力估计值为0.599±0.120,为高遗传力水平;个体存活时间遗传力估计值为0.240±0.072,为中等遗传力水平;家系半致死存活率遗传力估计值为0.173±0.051,为低等遗传力水平。快大系体重、个体存活时间和家系半致死存活率的遗传力估计值分别为0.266±0.082、0.374±0.096、0.257±0.048,均为中等遗传力水平。经Z-score检验,2个品系各性状遗传力估计值与0差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。2个品系内的体重与AHPND抗性性状(个体存活时间、家系半致死存活率)遗传相关均表现为低度正相关(0.061~0.235),且与0差异不显著(P>0.05);2个品系内的个体存活时间与家系半致死存活率遗传相关分别为0.997±0.129、0.967±0.044,为高度正相关。结果表明,在实际选育过程中,可将生长和AHPND抗性作为选育指标纳入综合选择指数进行选种制种;为简化抗性测试过程,可将家系半致死存活率作为选育群体的AHPND抗性指标。本研究为开展凡纳对虾生长和AHPND抗性优良品种的选育提供了参考。The Pacific white shrimp or white leg shrimp,Penaeus vannamei,is native to the tropical coastal regions of Central and South America.It is one of the three major shrimp species with high production worldwide.It was brought from Hawaii,USA,in 1988 and introduced into China.It has been widely promoted and cultivated due to its adaptability to the environment,fast growth rate,and suitability for high-density industrial farming.As of 2022,China's total production of P.vannamei reached 2.09 million tons,accounting for>90%of the country's total shrimp farming production.It has become one of the pillar industries in China's aquaculture sector.With the continuous expansion of aquaculture,diseases are becoming increasingly severe.Among them,acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease(AHPND)hinders the development of the global shrimp farming industry and causes catastrophic economic losses.After infection,most shrimp show hepatopancreatic enlargement,which appears pale white or light yellow.In the later stages of infection,some diseased shrimp may exhibit atrophy of the hepatopancreas,appearing reddish-brown and blackened,with a hardened texture.Within 20–30 d after infection,death can occur,with a mortality rate of up to 90%.As of 2021,the economic losses caused by this disease to the major P.vannamei farming areas(China,Malaysia,Thailand,Vietnam,and Mexico)have exceeded 43 billion US dollars.Cultivating novel P.vannamei germplasm with AHPND resistance is an effective way to solve AHPND.Recently,domestic researchers have established independent shrimp breeding systems and cultivated 12 novel P.vannamei strains,such as"Hai Xing Nong No.2","Ren Hai No.1",and"Zheng Jin Yang No.1".These varieties mainly target traits such as growth,resistance to white spot syndrome virus,farming survival rate,and temperature,salinity,and ammonia nitrogen tolerance.However,no reports of novel varieties specifically targeting AHPND resistance are available.Growth traits are essential economic traits in the genetic breeding of aquatic animals.Amo

关 键 词：凡纳对虾 生长 AHPND抗性 遗传力 遗传相关 

分 类 号：S945.12[农业科学—水产养殖]