机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所、海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [4]邦普种业科技有限公司,山东潍坊261311 [5]广东恒兴饲料实业股份有限公司,广东湛江524000
出 处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第6期144-154,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences
基 金：国家自然科学基金(32172960);国家虾蟹产业技术体系项目(CARS-48);中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队项目(2020TD26);湛江市海洋装备和海洋生物揭榜挂帅人才团队项目(2021E05032);海南省院士创新平台科研专项(YSPTZX202104)共同资助。
摘 要：为研究物理诱变对虾类前期幼体发育及抗逆性状的影响,探讨通过诱变技术增加选育群体遗传多样性和可利用遗传变异的可行性,本研究利用常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变技术对4尾来自不同家系(A、B、C和D)的凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)个体所产的受精卵(原肠胚期)分别进行相同功率(360 W)、不同时间(2、4、8和12 min)的批量诱变处理,并对孵化率、肢芽期孵化畸形率、存活率、变态率以及仔虾低氧耐受性和氨氮胁迫指标进行分析。结果显示,ARTP对凡纳对虾进行诱变处理后在不同家系间有一些共性的规律,在幼体发育前期阶段,4个家系随着诱变时间的增加,肢芽期畸形率均呈上升趋势,孵化率均呈下降趋势;与未经过诱变的对照组相比,除A和D家系诱变2 min组外,其余处理组肢芽期孵化畸形率均显著升高(P<0.05);除A家系诱变2 min组外,其余各家系处理组孵化率均显著降低(P<0.05);肢芽期孵化畸形率和孵化率与诱变时间均呈现中度或高度相关;与对照组相比,A、B、C和D4个家系在相同阶段的同一处理组存活率的表现具有不定向性,A家系诱变8min组存活率显著降低(P<0.05),而C家系诱变4和8min组存活率显著升高,D家系诱变2和4 min组存活率显著降低,而诱变8 min组则显著升高。可能是诱变的不定向性以及诱变作用于个体造成的。通过存活率和各期变态率综合分析可得,低剂量(2min组)诱变死亡高峰期多发生于幼体发育后期,高剂量(4、8和12min组)诱变幼体死亡高峰期多发生于幼体发育中前期。对A家系幼体的低氧耐受性和氨氮胁迫测试结果表明,低剂量的辐射可能会在一定程度上提高低氧耐受能力;诱变2 min组和8 min组分别在氨氮胁迫实验第4天、第7天存活率很高,诱变对该家系幼体对抗氨氮胁迫的能力有一定的影响。说明ARTP诱变凡纳对虾受精卵在不同家系中幼体发育前期具有一些共性趋势,在This study aimed to investigate the effects of physical mutagenesis on the development and adaptive traits of early-stage shrimp larvae and to explore the feasibility of increasing genetic diversity and utilizing genetic variation in breeding populations through mutation technology.Atmospheric and room-temperature plasma(ARTP)mutagenesis technology was used to perform batch mutagenesis on fertilized eggs(gastrula stage)of four different families(A,B,C,and D)of Penaeus vannamei at the same power(360 W)and different times(2,4,8,and 12 min).Hatching rates,limb bud stage hatching deformity rates,survival rates,metamorphosis rates,and indicators of juvenile shrimp hypoxia tolerance and ammonia nitrogen stress were analyzed.The experimental results showed that all groups except for the 2 min mutation group showed hatching deformity rates significantly higher than those of the control group for the A and D families(P<0.05).The deformity rate of each treatment group showed no significant differences from that of the control group in Family B.The malformation rate for Family C in the 8 min mutation treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group.However,there was no significant difference between the 2 and 4 min treatment groups.In all four families,the hatching rate of fertilized eggs decreased with an increase in mutation time,and when the mutation time was greater than or equal to 4 min,the hatching rates of all four families were less than 15%.Compared with that of the control group,all treatment groups of the families except for the 2 min mutation group from Family A showed a significant decrease in hatching rate(P<0.05).The hatching rate of the 2 min group for families A,B,C,and D was significantly higher than that of the 4,8,and 12 min mutation groups,and the hatching rate of the 4 min mutation group from Family B was significantly higher than that of the 8 min mutation group(P<0.05).The hatching and limb bud stage hatching deformity rates were moderately and highly correlated with mutagenic
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