脊尾白虾生长和繁殖性状的遗传参数估计  

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Growth and Reproduction Traits in Exopalaemon carinicauda

作　　者：王成伟 王佳佳[2,3] 张秀红 唐帅 王培春 李健 李吉涛[2,3] WANG Chengwei;WANG Jiajia;ZHANG Xiuhong;TANG Shuai;WANG Peichun;LI Jian;LI Jitao(National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Aquatic Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;Rizhao Haichen Aquaculture Co.,Ltd,Rizhao 276800,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室(中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所),山东青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]日照海辰水产有限公司,山东日照276800

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第6期155-166,共12页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32072974);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-48);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD50)共同资助。

摘　　要：为估计脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)生长和繁殖性状的遗传参数,本研究采用巢式交配设计建立家系,构建了40个脊尾白虾全同胞家系,其中,包括25个半同胞家系,利用一般线性模型估计了脊尾白虾50日龄和80日龄体长、总腹节长、体重以及抱卵量、单位体重抱卵量、单位体长抱卵量和第1次产卵时间性状的遗传力、表型相关和遗传相关。结果显示,50日龄体长、总腹节长、体重的遗传力分别为0.27~0.69、0.31~0.44和0.20~0.65,80日龄体长、总腹节长和体重的遗传力分别为0.39~0.54、0.31~0.47、0.33~0.71;抱卵量、单位体重抱卵量、单位体长抱卵量和第1次产卵时间的遗传力分别为0.45~0.52、0.30~0.49、0.43~0.48和0.33~0.77;经过t检验,全同胞方差组分估计的遗传力达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。因此,脊尾白虾的生长和繁殖性状的狭义遗传力的无偏估计值为全同胞方差组分估计的遗传力。体重与体长、抱卵量性状的遗传相关系数分别为0.951 4和0.205 8,体重与体长、抱卵量性状的表型相关系数分别为0.742 0和0.212 4。研究表明,脊尾白虾体长、总腹节长及体重3个生长性状和抱卵量、单位体长抱卵量、单位体重抱卵量及第1次产卵时间4个繁殖性状均达到中高等遗传力水平,体重和体长性状为高度正相关,体重和抱卵量性状为低度正相关。本研究为脊尾白虾高繁殖力性状良种选育工作提供了数据参考。The ridgetail white shrimp(Exopalaemon carinicauda),belonging to the Palaemonidae family of crustaceans,is an economically important small-to-medium-sized shrimp in China that is naturally distributed on the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai Seas.Due to its rapid growth and high tolerance for environmental stress,the scale at which E.carinicauda is cultured has expanded in recent years.The reproductive performance of broodstock is crucial to the yield and quality of larvae,as the egg production of E.carinicauda is much lower than that of other economically important shrimps.Meanwhile,E.carinicauda seedling production mainly relies on wild shrimp or breeding parents,resulting in low fertility and poor seed quality,such that the cultivation of E.carinicauda is often hindered by a slow growth rate and poor disease resistance,seriously limiting the development of the E.carinicauda farming industry.Optimizing growth and reproductive traits is vital for the animal aquaculture industry,as these traits are crucial for developing high-quality seedlings and are directly related to yield.Cultivating new varieties with high fertility and fast growth rates can effectively improve the aquaculture of E.carinicauda.In this study,we estimated the genetic parameters of growth and reproduction traits in E.carinicauda.We constructed 40 full-sibling lines of E.carinicauda and 25 half-sibling lines by pairing one male with two females.Thirty shrimps were randomly selected from each line at 50 d and 80 d of age,and the body length,total abdominal length,and body weight were measured to calculate the genetic parameters.The number of eggs,body length,body weight,and incubation time of the first spawning were measured to ensure that the culture conditions for each line were consistent.The main baits used during incubation were folded brachyuran rotifers(Brachinonus plicatilis)and brine shrimp(Artemia sinica).The heritability,phenotypic correlations,and genetic correlations of body weight,body length,total abdominal length traits,time of firs

关 键 词：脊尾白虾 生长性状 繁殖性状 遗传力 遗传相关 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]