低氧胁迫对脊尾白虾组织结构及肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of Hypoxic Stress on Tissue Structure and Gut Bacterial Community of Exopalaemon carinicauda

作　　者：周心磊 李青洋 朱加伟 谢姝敏 王闽涛 杨婷 邢超凡 高焕 张庆起 王攀攀 ZHOU Xinlei;LI Qingyang;ZHU Jiawei;XIE Shumin;WANG Mintao;YANG Ting;XING Chaofan;GAO Huan;ZHANG Qingqi;WANG Panpan(Jiangsu Ocean University,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology School of Marine Science and Fisheries,Lianyungang 222005,China;Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China;Marine Resource Development institute of Jiangsu(Lianyungang),Lianyungang 222005,China;The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm,Nanjing 210014,China;Lianyungang Ganyu Jiaxin Aquatic Products Development Co.,Ltd.,Lianyungang 222100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学、江苏省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室/江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室,江苏连云港222005 [2]江苏省海洋生物产业技术协同创新中心,江苏连云港222005 [3]江苏省海洋资源开发研究院(连云港),江苏连云港222005 [4]江苏省农业种质资源保护与利用平台,江苏南京210014 [5]连云港赣榆佳信水产开发有限公司,江苏连云港222100

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第6期167-177,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：江苏省自然科学青年基金(BK20210924);中国博士后科学基金会(2022M721397);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX2023-104);连云港市科技局重点研发(社会发展)项目(SF2302);江苏省优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD);江苏海洋大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202311641148Y)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究低氧胁迫对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)组织结构及肠道菌群的影响,将脊尾白虾暴露于(2.5±0.2)mg/L低氧环境中24 h,常氧组溶解氧浓度为(7.2±0.2)mg/L,分别采集低氧组及常氧组样品的鳃、肝胰腺和肠道组织,对鳃和肝胰腺组织进行切片显微观察,并利用16S rRNA基因测序技术分析低氧胁迫前后肠道菌群的变化。结果显示,低氧胁迫对鳃和肝胰腺组织结构均造成不同程度的损伤,低氧组和常氧组脊尾白虾的肠道菌群差异较大,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在常氧组脊尾白虾肠道中占绝对优势,低氧组虾肠道中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)的数量显著升高(P<0.05),变形菌门数量显著降低(P<0.05)。在科水平上,普氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)和毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)在低氧组虾肠道中的数量显著高于常氧组(P<0.05),而红杆菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)和假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae)细菌在低氧组显著降低(P<0.05)。此外,部分潜在病原菌的数量在低氧组中显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,低氧胁迫显著改变了脊尾白虾肠道菌群结构,导致部分有益菌的数量显著降低,增加了弧菌病及肠道炎症性疾病的发病几率,并对鳃、肝胰腺组织造成不同程度的损伤。研究结果有助于阐释脊尾白虾对低氧环境的响应机制,为脊尾白虾健康养殖提供参考。Exopalaemon carinicauda has the highest production in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China.Compared with those of other shrimp species,E.carinicauda has a short reproductive cycle,fast growth,and adaptability.The pond mono-culture and mixed culture mode is more common in small economic shrimp and can be used as an excellent biological material for crustacean biology research.Dissolved oxygen,an important environmental factor for aquatic animal survival,affects the growth,behavior,reproduction,immunity,and metabolism of aquatic animals and is highly susceptible to hypoxia due to high temperatures,flushing,water pollution,the expansion of the scale of aquaculture,high-density aquaculture,high temperatures,and climate change.Recently,studies have been conducted on the effects of hypoxia on aquatic animals,mainly focusing on immune response,energy consumption,respiration,and antioxidant character.Gill and hepatopancreas tissue are major organs in crustaceans and increasing evidence reveal that gut bacterial community are involved in host immune defense,nutrient absorption,and antioxidant processes.Therefore,investigating the effects of hypoxic stress on the tissue structure and gut bacterial community of E.carinicauda will help to elucidate the mechanism of the response of E.carinicauda to hypoxic environments,which will be useful for its healthy aquaculture.In this study,we collected gill,hepatopancreas,and gut tissues from experimental and control groups after 24 h of hypoxic stress(2.5±0.2)mg/L.The gills and hepatopancreas were sectioned and observed and the changes in gut bacterial community before and after hypoxic stress were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The experimental results showed that gill and hepatopancreas tissues underwent different degrees of damage after hypoxic stress;the gut bacterial community changed,some pillar and epithelial cells of gill tissues were disordered,the number of chloride cells was significantly reduced,chloride cells were changed from irregularly flattened to rounded,

关 键 词：脊尾白虾 低氧胁迫 组织结构 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]