苏皖地区中华绒螯蟹养殖群体微卫星遗传多样性的评估  

Assessment of Microsatellite Genetic Diversity of Cultured Eriocheir sinensis Populations from Jiangsu and Anhui

作　　者：胡玉婷[1] 凌俊[1] 江河[1] 汪焕 潘庭双[1] 段国庆[1] 周华兴[1] 杨敏 李彤 HU Yuting;LING Jun;JIANG He;WANG Huan;PAN Tingshuang;DUAN Guoqing;ZHOU Huaxing;YANG Min;LI Tong(Fishery Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院水产研究所、水产增养殖安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第6期178-187,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家虾蟹产业技术体系(CARS-48);安徽省科技创新平台重大科技项目(S202305a12020001);安徽省水产产业技术体系(皖农科函[2021]711号)共同资助。

摘　　要：为评估奇数年江苏和安徽中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)养殖群体的遗传背景,进而为后续的遗传改良及新品种培育提供科学依据,本研究利用10对微卫星标记分析了6个中华绒螯蟹养殖群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示,所有群体的遗传多样性水平都较高且相近(等位基因数N_(a)=16.0~18.4,有效等位基因数N_(e)=10.1~12.4,观测杂合度H_(o)=0.759~0.836,期望杂合度H_(e)=0.897~0.916,多态信息含量PIC=0.870~0.892)。群体间遗传距离D_(n)(0.154~0.277)、遗传分化系数Fst(0.001~0.011)均较小,分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果中群体间遗传变异仅占0.47%,一致表明群体间不存在显著遗传分化。群体间系统发育树显示,6个养殖群体具有共同的祖先型,高淳群体与其他群体亲缘关系最远,结合其高的遗传多样性水平,高淳群体可作为选育基础群之一。Structure遗传结构分析显示,每个养殖群体的遗传组成多样且比例近似,结合近交系数和瓶颈效应分析表明,中华绒螯蟹养殖群体存在较大程度的外源种质混杂。综上,苏皖地区中华绒螯蟹养殖群体遗传多样性仍然较高,具有潜在的开发与利用价值,但其可能存在种质混杂,在开展后续的良种选育时,需对养殖群体进行进一步的研究,提纯种质,使其种质资源得到合理的可持续性利用。Eriocheir sinensis,commonly known as the Chinese mitten crab,is widely distributed in China from the Liaohe River in the north to the Pearl River in the south and in the shallow waters of the estuary into the sea,among which the population in the Yangtze River system has the largest yield and the most delicious taste,and is favored by domestic consumers.It is an important breeding species in the Chinese fishing industry.Since artificial breeding began in the 1980s,the production of Chinese mitten crabs has increased,and this species has become one of the most economically important crabs in the world and the most economically important freshwater crab in China.From the perspective of aquaculture areas,the Yangtze River Basin region accounts for over 80%of the total output in China,with Jiangsu and Anhui provinces ranking first and third,respectively.Therefore,the culture of Chinese mitten crabs in Jiangsu and Anhui plays a pivotal role in the country.After more than 30 years of development,China has established ecological and large-scale breeding systems for juvenile crabs.Therefore,artificial seedlings dominate the market but are mainly distributed in coastal areas such as Jiangsu.However,to reduce production costs,some breeding farms blindly introduce Chinese mitten crabs to one another,and do not perform germplasm detection during breeding,causing germplasm resources to be random and mixed,which directly affects the quality of juvenile crabs and results in the risk of germplasm decline.To evaluate the genetic background of cultured Chinese mitten crab populations in Jiangsu and Anhui in odd-number years,and to provide a scientific basis for subsequent genetic improvement and breeding of new varieties,10 pairs of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers(simple sequence repeats)were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of six cultured populations with 177 individuals in total.Each population contained 28–30 adult individuals with an approximate sex ratio.The leg muscle of the sampled cr

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 遗传多样性 微卫星 养殖群体 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]