亮氨酸与缬氨酸交互作用对刺参生长、体壁氨基酸组成及消化能力的影响  

Effects of Interaction of Leucine and Valine on Growth,Body Wall Amino Acids Composition,and Digestive Ability of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

作　　者：陆国峰 王际英 李宝山 刘经未 郝甜甜 孙永智 黄炳山 LU Guofeng;WANG Jiying;LI Baoshan;LIU Jingwei;HAO Tiantian;SUN Yongzhi;HUANG Bingshan(Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrion of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration,Yantai Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Deep Processing of Seafood Treasures,Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Yantai 264006,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学、水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心、农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心、水产动物遗传育种中心、上海市协同创新中心,上海201306 [2]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院、山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室、烟台市海珍品质量控制与精深加工重点实验室,山东烟台264006

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第6期188-198,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：山东省刺参产业技术体系(SDAIT-22-06)资助。

摘　　要：本实验旨在研究亮氨酸和缬氨酸的交互作用对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、体壁氨基酸组成及消化能力的影响。采用双因素实验(two-way ANOVA)设计,在基础饲料中分别添加0、1.06%、2.34%、3.40%的包膜亮氨酸和0、1.74%、2.50%、3.48%的包膜缬氨酸,配制成4个亮氨酸水平(实际含量为1.00%、1.50%、2.10%和2.60%)×4个缬氨酸水平(实际含量为0.65%、1.40%、1.70%和2.20%)的16组等氮等脂的实验饲料,饲喂初始体重(16.80±0.18)g的刺参60 d。结果表明,亮氨酸和缬氨酸的含量及其交互作用显著影响了刺参的增重率和特定生长率。当饲料中缬氨酸含量为1.40%时,刺参体壁粗脂肪含量随着亮氨酸含量的升高而升高,二者之间存在协同作用,且L1.0V1.4组(亮氨酸1.00%,缬氨酸1.40%)显著低于其他组。亮氨酸和缬氨酸的交互作用显著影响了刺参体壁异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸的含量。当饲料中亮氨酸含量为2.10%时,随着缬氨酸含量的升高,肠道脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性均先升高后降低,二者之间表现出先协同后拮抗的作用。淀粉酶活性在L2.6V1.4(亮氨酸2.60%,缬氨酸1.40%)组活性达到最大值,且显著高于其他各组。综上所述,亮氨酸和缬氨酸的含量及其交互作用显著影响了刺参的生长性能、体壁氨基酸组成及消化酶活力,以增重率为评价指标,刺参饲料中亮氨酸和缬氨酸的比值为1.90(亮氨酸含量2.60%,缬氨酸含量1.40%)。Branched chain amino acids(BCAAs)are neutral amino acids containing branched aliphatic chains on theα-carbon,including leucine(Leu),isoleucine,and valine(Val),accounting for 18%–20%of the total amino acids in animal and plant proteins.BCAAs are essential amino acids for animal growth;however,they cannot be synthesized in animals and can only be obtained from the diet.BCAAs participate in the metabolism of protein,fat,and carbohydrates;promote intestinal development and intestinal amino acid transport;and improve the immune capacity of the body.However,the imbalance of BCAAs in diets leads to poor growth and metabolic disorders in animals.BCAAs have similar chemical structures and catabolic pathways and compete for the same amino acid transporters when passing through cell membranes,resulting in antagonism.Sea cucumbers(Apostichopus japonicus)have rich nutritional value and are an important seafood source in northern China.In recent decades,the study of amino acid nutritional requirements of aquatic animals mainly focused on individual amino acid requirements,and few studies focused on the interaction between amino acids with strong correlations,particularly BCAAs.At present,the interaction of BCAAs has been studied in species such as Chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha),Rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss),Channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus),Tilapia GIFT(Oreochromis niloticus),and Tiger puffer(Takifugu rubripes);however,the results have been inconsistent.The purpose of this experiment was to study the interaction effect of Leu and Val on the growth,body wall composition,and digestive ability of sea cucumbers.In this experiment,white fishmeal,algae powder,and wheat flour were used as the primary protein sources,and fish oil and soybean lecithin were used as the main lipid sources to design a basic diet with crude protein and lipid contents of 18.10%and 2.80%,respectively.In a two-way experimental design,0%,1.06%,2.34%,and 3.40%coated Leu and 0%,1.74%,2.50%,and 3.48%coated Val were added to the basic feed.Six

关 键 词：刺参 亮氨酸 缬氨酸 生长 体壁氨基酸 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]