养殖密度对投喂模式下网箱养殖刺参生长、消化酶及肠道菌群的影响  

Effect of Culture Density on Growth,Digestive Enzymes,and Intestinal Flora of Net-Cage Culture of Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)Under Feeding Mode

作　　者：宋一明 葛建龙 廖梅杰[2] 李彬[2] 荣小军[2] 王印庚[2] 王锦锦 陈丽梅[1] SONG Yiming;GE Jianlong;LIAO Meijie;LI Bin;RONG Xiaojun;WANG Yingeng;WANG Jinjin;CHEN Limei(Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384 China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries and Sustainable Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院,天津300384 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所、农业农村部海洋渔业与可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第6期199-211,共13页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：青岛市重点研发计划(22-3-3-hygg-1-hy);山东省重点研发计划(2023CXGC010410);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2023TD29)共同资助。

摘　　要：为评估养殖密度对投喂模式下浅海网箱养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的影响,本研究在辽宁省大连刺参网箱养殖核心区开展了为期42 d的养殖实验,分析了不同养殖密度条件下(10、20、30 kg/箱,标记为F10、F20和F30)刺参的生长、消化酶及肠道菌群结构的差异。结果显示,F10、F20和F30组增重率(WGR)分别为(51.63±4.27)%、(33.21±8.58)%和(23.08±0.24)%。随着养殖密度的增大,刺参的WGR和特定生长率(SGR)显著降低,净产量增加,饵料系数(FCR)升高。F10组的FCR(0.76±0.06)显著低于F30组(1.72±0.03)(P<0.05)。随着养殖密度的增大,刺参肠道胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶等消化酶活性均呈下降的趋势,F30组的消化酶活性显著低于F10组和F20组(P<0.05)。F10组与F20组的菌群相似性较高,其ACE、Chao1、Shannon和Simpson等多样性指数均显著高于F30组(P<0.05)。优势菌属随着养殖密度的不同存在差异,F10组、F20组和F30组分别显著富集于链球菌属(Streptococcus)、瘤胃球菌UCG_005属和Alkanindiges等菌属。Pearson相关性分析显示,链球菌属、Muribaculaceae和UCG_005属与消化酶活性呈显著正相关。效益估算显示,F20组与F30组养殖效益相差不大,较F10组有大幅提高。研究表明,养殖密度在20~30kg/箱时,可提高养殖净产量,但养殖密度达30 kg/箱时,刺参生长、肠道消化酶活性和微生物多样性显著降低,现有小网箱投喂模式下养殖密度宜提高至20kg/箱。研究结果可为刺参浅海网箱的科学养殖和提质增效提供参考。The shallow-sea net-cage culture of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)has been developing rapidly in recent years,and the culture mode of feeding formula feed has been accepted by farmers.However,the optimal culture density under the feeding mode is still unknown.To evaluate the influence of culture density on the shallow sea net-cage culture of sea cucumber under a feeding mode,this study examined the growth,digestive enzymes,and gut bacterial community structure of sea cucumber at different culture densities.The culture density was set to 10 kg/cage,20 kg/cage and 30 kg/cage,marked as F10,F20 and F30,respectively.Sea cucumber seedlings with an initial body weight of(75.11±2.99)g were randomly assigned into 9 cages(3 replicates of each density level)according to the density settings.The net cage is cuboidal and its length,width and height were 4 m,4 m,and 3 m,respectively.After a 42-day experimental period,the total weight of sea cucumber in each cage was weighted and 20~30 individuals in each cage were randomly sampled for individual weight and body wall weight.Then,intestines from 3 individuals were sampled and preserved at–80℃freezer.Digestive enzyme(Trypsin,Amylase,and Lipase)activities were determined spectrophotometrically using enzyme activity assay kits(Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute,China)following the manufacturer’s instructions.Gut microbial DNA was extracted,and the V3~V4 region of the prokaryotic ribosomal RNA gene(16S rDNA)was amplified and sequenced on an Illumina Novaseq platform.Sequence data were then analyzed on the platform BMKCloud(www.biocloud.net).The results showed that as culture density increased,the weight gain rate of sea cucumbers in net-cage culture significantly decreased,and both the F20 and F30 groups had significantly lower weight gain rates compared to the F10 group(P<0.05).In addition,increasing culture density resulted in a significant increase in net production and body wall production rates,although none of the differences were significant(P<0.05).The f

关 键 词：海参 网箱养殖 养殖密度 酶活 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]