抗原表位预测工具的研究与发展现状  

Current Research and Development of Antigenic Epitope Prediction Tools

作　　者：李梓豪 汪源 毛甜甜 曹志伟 裘天颐 LI Zi-Hao;WANG Yuan;MAO Tian-Tian;CAO Zhi-Wei;QIU Tian-Yi(School of Life Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Zhongshan Hospital Experimental Research Center,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生命科学学院,上海200433 [2]同济大学生命科学与技术学院,上海200092 [3]复旦大学附属中山医院实验研究中心,上海200032

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2024年第10期2532-2544,共13页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32370697)资助项目。

摘　　要：适应性免疫在抗原识别和人体免疫过程中起到十分重要的作用。本文综述了抗原表位预测工具的研究进展及其在疫苗设计和免疫治疗策略中的应用,突出了其重要性。通过分析B细胞和T细胞抗原表位的识别机制,本文阐释了表位的种类及其在免疫反应中的作用。进一步详细讨论了B细胞和T细胞抗原表位的预测工具,特别是它们如何利用支持向量机、随机森林、深度学习等不同算法来解析表位信息,并介绍了当前该领域的最新发展现状。最后,本文对抗原表位预测技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。Adaptive immunity is a critical component of the human immune system,playing an essential role in identifying antigens and orchestrating a tailored immune response.This review delves into the significant strides made in the development of epitope prediction tools,their integration into vaccine design,and their pivotal role in enhancing immunotherapy strategies.The review emphasizes the transformative potential of these tools in refining our understanding and application of immune responses.Adaptive immunity distinguishes itself from innate immunity by its ability to recognize specific antigens and remember past infections,leading to quicker and more effective responses upon subsequent exposures.This facet of immunity involves complex interactions between various cell types,primarily B cells and T cells,which recognize distinct epitopes presented by antigens.Epitopes are small sequences or configurations on antigens that are recognized by the immune receptors on B cells and T cells,acting as the focal points of immune recognition and response.Epitopes can be broadly classified into two types:linear(or sequential)epitopes and conformational(or discontinuous)epitopes.Linear epitopes consist of a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are recognized by B cells and T cells in their primary structure form.Conformational epitopes,on the other hand,are formed by spatially distinct amino acids that come together in the tertiary structure of the protein,often recognized by the immune system only when the protein folds into its native conformation.The role of epitopes in the immune response is critical as they are the primary triggers for the activation of B cells and T cells.When an epitope is recognized,it can stimulate B cells to produce antibodies,mobilize helper T cells to secrete cytokines,or prompt cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells.These actions form the basis of the adaptive immune response,tailored to eliminate specific pathogens or infected cells effectively.The prediction of B cell and T cell epitopes h

关 键 词：抗原表位预测 适应性免疫 B细胞 T细胞 机器学习 深度学习 

分 类 号：Q-1[生物学]