高强钢用无镀铜与镀铜实心焊丝焊接烟尘的分析  

Welding fume for uncoated and coated copper wire electrodes of high-strength steels

作　　者：石柏成 杨子佳[1] 马一鸣[1] 赵松柏[1] 洪烨 樊星 宋建廷 Shi Baicheng;Yang Zijia;Ma Yiming;Zhao Songbai;Hong Ye;Fan Xing;Song Jianting(Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company,Harbin 150028,China;Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society,Beijing Essen Welding&Cutting Fair Organising Committee,Beijing 100048,China;Harbin Well Welding Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150060,China)

机构地区：[1]中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司,哈尔滨150028 [2]中国机械工程学会,北京·埃森焊接与切割展览会组委会,北京100048 [3]哈尔滨威尔焊接有限责任公司,哈尔滨150060

出　　处：《焊接》2024年第9期15-22,共8页Welding & Joining

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(2022ZXO4A01)。

摘　　要：【目的】旨在了解高强钢用无镀铜和镀铜实心焊丝焊接烟尘的差异。【方法】通过采用试验室自主研发的焊接烟尘捕集系统,收集上述2种高强钢用实心焊丝的焊接烟尘颗粒。在收集过程中,测定实心焊丝熔化极气体保护焊焊接烟尘排放速率,结合电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪、激光粒度分析仪等设备对焊接烟尘样品成分、形貌、粒度分布及尺寸进行分析。【结果】结果表明,焊丝2的焊接烟尘排放速率最小,为4.68 mg/s,焊丝4排放速率最稳定,不同制备工艺对于焊接烟尘排放速率未发现明显影响;焊丝3的平均粒径最大,为2.056μm;不同制备工艺的实心焊丝焊接时所产生的焊接烟尘在粒度分布上存在差异;在相同焊接工艺下,焊接烟尘成分主要由焊丝成分决定,主要元素为Fe,Mn,Si,其中Fe元素含量占比在50%以上。【结论】通过对试验结果的对比与分析可以知道,无镀铜实心焊丝在绿色环保方向上具有一定优势。[Objective]In order to understand the difference of welding fumes between the uncoated copper wire electrodes and coated copper wire electrodes of high-strength steels.[Methods]The welding fume particles of the wire electrodes for the two kinds of high strength steel were collected by using the welding fume trapping system self-developed by the laboratory.During the collection process,the fume emission rate from wire electrodes GMAW was measured,the composition,morphology,particle size distribution and size of welding fume were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer,scanning electron microscope,energy spectrometer and laser particle size analyzer.[Conclusion]The results showed that the fume emission rat of wire electrodes 2 was the lowest,4.68 mg/s,and the fume emission rate of wire electrodes 4 was the most stability,no obvious influence of different preparation processes on the emission rate of welding fume was found.The average particle size of wire electrodes 3 was the largest,2.056μm.There were differences in the particle size distribution of welding fumes generated during wire electrode welding by different preparation processes.In the same welding process,the composition of welding fume was mainly determined by the composition of welding wire,the main elements were Fe,Mn,Si,and the content of Fe was more than 50%.[Results]Through the comparison and analysis of the test results,we knowed that uncoated copper wire electrodes has certain advantages in the direction of green environmental protection.

关 键 词：焊接烟尘 烟尘排放速率 实心焊丝 烟尘粒度分布 

分 类 号：TG422.3[金属学及工艺—焊接]