不同氮处理对木薯生长发育和氮高效利用的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Treatments on Cassava Growth and Nitrogen Efficient Utilization

作　　者：王修宁 张蒙 戴云鹏 赵金铃 张怀方 曾长英[1] Wang Xiuning;Zhang Meng;Dai Yunpeng;Zhao Jinling;Zhang Huaifang;Zeng Changying(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,570228;Liaoning Dryland Agriculture and Forestry Institute,Chaoyang,122100)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228 [2]辽宁省旱地农林研究所,朝阳122100

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2024年第20期6820-6827,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(2019RC042);国家自然科学地区基金项目(32060714,32260509);国家重点研发计划子课题(2018YFD1000500);海南大学科研启动费项目(RZ2000006442)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了发现并培育低氮高效利用的木薯栽培品种,本研究采用高低两个氮肥水平处理,对盆栽和田间种植的三种食用木薯株系(SC9,SC16和JG1301)进行了植株的株高、块根重量和氮含量以及氮转运同化相关基因表达量等指标的测定,结果表明,盆栽试验中,高氮浓度能够提高三个品种的块根氮含量和氮累积量,但会对木薯生长产生抑制作用,在低氮处理条件下三个品种却具有较高的植株重和块根产量;在田间试验中,与低氮处理相比,高氮处理提高了三个品种的株重和块根产量。无论是盆栽试验还是田间试验,三个木薯品种的氮效率系数显示SC9为低氮高效品种。氮转运同化相关基因的表达量分析表明SC9在低氮条件下MeNRT1主要在根系中表达,MeAMT1、MeNR1、MeGS1和MeGDH1则主要在叶片中高量表达,进一步说明SC9在低氮下根系高效吸收铵态氮,叶片高效同化硝态氮的低氮高效的特点。由此可见,SC9品种具有低氮高效的特性,更适合农业木薯种植。本研究结果对木薯氮高效品种的遗传改良和种质资源开发提供参考依据。In order to discover and cultivate cassava cultivars with low nitrogen and high efficiency,three kinds of edible cassava lines(SC9,SC16 and JG1301)planted in pot and field were treated with high and low nitrogen fertilizer levels.The plant height,root weight,nitrogen content and the expression of genes related to nitrogen transport and assimilation were measured.The results showed that in the pot experiment,high nitrogen concentration could increase the nitrogen content and accumulation in root tuber of the three varieties,but inhibited the growth of cassava.Under low nitrogen treatment,the three varieties had higher plant weight and root tuber yield.In the field experiment,high nitrogen treatment increased plant weight and root tuber yield of all three varieties compared with low nitrogen treatment.The nitrogen efficiency coefficient of the three cassava varieties showed that SC9 was a low nitrogen efficient variety in both the pot experiment and the field experiment.Expression analysis of genes related to nitrogen transport and assimilation showed that MeNRT1 was mainly expressed in the roots of SC9 under low nitrogen conditions,while MeAMT1,MeNR1,MeGS1 and MeGDH1 were mainly expressed in high quantities in the leaves.This further indicated the low nitrogen efficiency characteristics of SC9 under low nitrogen conditions,in which the roots of SC9 effectively absorbed ammonium nitrogen and the leaves efficiently assimilated nitrate nitrogen.In conclusion,SC9 variety has the characteristics of low nitrogen and high efficiency,which is more suitable for agricultural cassava planting.The results of this study provide reference for genetic improvement and germplasm resource development of cassava nitrogen-efficient varieties.

关 键 词：木薯 氮处理 生长发育 高效利用 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]