重庆防空洞的使用情况及光环境调研分析  

Investigation and analysis for the use and light environment of air-raid shelters in Chongqing

作　　者：王艺达 陈思妍 杜明洋 WANG Yida;CHEN Siyan;DU Mingyang(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400030

出　　处：《灯与照明》2024年第3期23-30,共8页Light & Lighting

摘　　要：当前世界格局相对稳定,人防工程在和平年代的再造与利用成为各国政府及相关研究领域非常重视的课题。由于战时遗留,重庆存在大量防空洞,而这些防空洞得到再利用改造,形成了多样的空间。天然光与人类健康息息相关,而嵌入山体、隐于地下的防空洞阴暗、潮湿,其室内难以接收足够的天然光,因此,对于防空洞改造而言,引入天然采光是重点考虑的因素。在此背景下,通过文献查阅、问卷调查、实地测量等方式,研究分析了重庆主城区防空洞的分布特点,对现有防空洞进行类型划分,评估了改造现状,测量了样本的照度情况,总结了影响重庆防空洞室内天然光环境的因素。调研结果显示,重庆主城区防空洞主要集中在渝中半岛、沙坪坝区和九龙坡区,其分布受人口、交通、地形和河流等因素影响;防空洞类型多样,大部分防空洞截面宽度为3 000~4 800 mm,平面布局有单一式、并列式、分枝式、网格式;改造后的功能包括商业、餐饮、仓储、市政和文化类。实验数据显示,防空洞内部照度普遍较低,内部照度随深度增加而逐渐降低,两侧照度受自然光和遮挡物影响较大,引入天然光有助于提升空间舒适度和使用效率。The current world pattern is relatively stable,and the reconstruction and utilization of civil defense facilities in peaceful times has become a very important topic for governments and related research fields in many countries.Due to the wartime legacy,Chongqing has a large amount of air-raid shelters,and these air-raid shelters have been reused and transformed into diverse spaces.Natural light is closely related to human health,but the air-raid shelters embedded in the mountains and hidden underground are dark and damp,and it is difficult to receive enough natural light indoors,so introducing natural lighting is an important factor to be considered for air-raid shelter renovation.Under this background,this paper studied and analyzed the distribution characteristics of civil defense shelters in the main urban area of Chongqing through literature research,questionnaires,and on-site measurement,and carried out a typology classification of existing air-raid shelters,evaluated the renovation status,measured the illuminance of samples,and summarized the influencing factors of natural light environment in air-raid shelters in Chongqing.The air-raid shelters in the main urban area of Chongqing are mainly concentrated in Yuzhong Peninsula,Shapingba District,and Jiulongpo District,and their distribution is affected by population,transportation,topography,and rivers.The types of air-raid shelters are diverse,and the cross-section width of most air-raid shelters is 3000-4800 mm,and the layout is single,parallel,branched,and grid-like.The functions of renovated air-raid shelters include commerce,catering,warehousing,municipal administration,and culture.Experimental data show that the internal illumination of air-raid shelters is generally low,and gradually decreases with the increase of depth.The illumination on both sides is greatly affected by natural light and shelters.The introduction of natural light helps to improve the comfort and efficiency of space.

关 键 词：防空洞 天然光 照度 光环境 

分 类 号：TU113.66[建筑科学—建筑理论]