行政性社会工作的肇端、形成、发展与分化整合——基于中国特色社会工作历史与体系的考察  

The Origin The Origin,Formation Formation,Development Development,Differentiation Differentiation,and Integration of Admin and Integration of Admin‐istrative Social Work istrative Social Work:Based on the History and System of Social Work with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：林顺利[1] 赵卓筠 LIN Shunli;ZHAO Zhuoyun

机构地区：[1]河北大学哲学与社会学学院,保定071032

出　　处：《社会工作》2024年第5期1-19,151-153,共22页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：教育部哲学与社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国社会工作通史研究”(项目编号:22JZD026)。

摘　　要：对行政性社会工作的历史梳理是总结概括中国特色社会工作的本质特征与实践样态的必由之路。经过对三个核心问题的进一步澄清,行政性社会工作可以概括为与“专业社会工作”相对应的,由政府主导的,以行政体系推进的社会工作,其本质特征是中国共产党领导的、民政部门主责的,在不同历史阶段多元主体参与协同的社会行政。行政性社会工作的四个阶段:第一阶段是肇端期,边区基层政权建设和战时后勤服务的民政工作传统中产生了行政性社会工作雏形;第二阶段是初创期,为巩固新生的国家政权,政府设置内务部积极配合以改造妓女、游民和禁烟禁毒为主的社会改造和以救灾为主的社会救济等行政性社会工作;第三阶段是形成期,主要特征为计划经济体制下,国家统一规划的社会福利资源由民政部门和各生产单位以行政性的方式向下垂直输送;第四阶段是发展期,改革开放以来的行政性社会工作在民政事业转型中形成了针对弱势群体基于城乡最低社会保障制度+分类救助的多元主体参与的体制机制,接纳专业社会工作并呈现出融合发展的新趋势。从行政性社会工作发展历史来看,中国本土社会工作自新民主主义革命开始就具有党的领导和社会主义制度的属性,以党和国家行政体系和行政力量推动社会工作是贯穿中国特色社会工作事业至今的工作体制机制与实践形态,在价值目标上从属于中国特色社会主义事业,与西方资本主义制度下的社会工作有着本质区别。中央社会工作部的组建超越了行政性社会工作和专业社会工作的理论与实践的二元划分,在此背景下“,大社会工作”需要建立一种分化和整合新格局以适应新时代中国特色社会工作发展的需求。The third clue to the history of Chinese social work is the tip from the leader‐ship of the Communist Party of China’s“border region”in the construction of a grassroots regime and the wartime logistics civil work tradition,guided by Marxism,the fundamental attribute of the socialist system of China under the leadership of the Communist Party,is also the administrative,social work to the history of the devel‐opment of the channel.Therefore,the historical sorting out of administrative social work is the only way to summarize the essential characteristics and practical forms of social work with Chinese characteristics.The study of social work with Chinese characteristics needs to clarify the three core issues:The first question is,what are“Chinese characteristics”?The second question is,what is“social work”?The third question is,what is“administrative social work”?In comprehensive response to the three problems,this paper believes that administrative social work corre‐sponds to“professional social work”,led by the government,to the administrative system of social work;its essential feature is the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the civil affairs department of the main responsibility,in different histori‐cal stages multiple subject to participate in collaborative social administration.The sorting of administrative social work can be divided into three stages:the first stage is the beginning period,and the prototype of administrative social work is produced in the tradition of grassroots political power construction and the tradition of wartime logistics service in the border area.At that time,there were two main so‐cial undertakings that could be classified as administrative,and social work:One was the disaster relief for the border area government and the war;the other was the social transformation for the grassroots political power and social problems and spe‐cific groups(such as feudal superstition,reactionary organizations,prostitutes,gam‐bling,drug use,lazy rogue,et

关 键 词：行政性社会工作 历史梳理 中国特色社会工作 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]